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中国应用生理学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 125-134.doi: 10.12047/j.cjap.0102.2021.115

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

正常人和无睡眠呼吸异常慢病患者睡眠期间的呼吸源性心率变异初步报告*

王继楠1,2, 孙兴国1,2△, 谢友红1△, 宋雅1,2, 台文琦2, 周晴晴1, 张艳芳1, 石超2, 徐凡2, 刘方2, 张也2, 郝璐1,2, 葛万刚2, 李浩2, 徐丹丹3   

  1. 1.重庆医科大学附属康复医院,重庆400050;
    2.国家心血管病中心,中国医学科学院阜外医院,北京协和医学院心血管疾病国家重点实验室,心血管疾病国家临床医学研究中心,北京 100037;
    3.湖北省中医院,武汉 430061
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-12 修回日期:2021-03-10 出版日期:2021-03-28 发布日期:2021-10-20
  • 通讯作者: Tel:010-88398300, 13696401966;E-mail: xgsun@lundquist.org, 172763320@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    * 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题资助项目(2012AA021009); 国家自然科学基金医学科学部面上项目(81470204); 中国康复医疗机构联合重大项目基金(20160102); 中国医学科学院国家心血管病中心阜外医院科研开发启动基金(2012-YJR02); 首都临床特色应用研究与成果推广(Z161100000516127); 北京康复医院2019-2021科技发展专项(2019-003); 北京协和医学院教学改革项目(2018E-JG07); 北京协和医学院-国家外国专家局外国专家项目(2015,2016,T2017025,T2018046,G2019001660); 重庆市卫计委医学科研计划项目(2017MSXM090); 重庆市科委社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项项目(cstc2017shmsA130063)

A preliminary report on the variation of respiratory heart rate during sleep in normal subjects and patients with chronic diseases without sleep apnea

WANG Ji-nan1,2, SUN Xing-guo1,2△, XIE You-hong1△, SONG Ya1,2, TAI Wen-qi2, ZHOU Qing-qing1, ZHANG Yan-fang1, SHI Chao2, XU Fan2, LIU Fang2, ZHANG Ye2, HAO Lu1,2, GE Wan-gang2, LI Hao2, XU Dan-dan3   

  1. 1. The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400050;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Research Center of Clinical Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037;
    3. Hubei Provincial Hospital Of TCM, Wuhan 430061, China
  • Received:2020-08-12 Revised:2021-03-10 Online:2021-03-28 Published:2021-10-20

摘要: 目的: 整体整合生理学医学新理论-呼吸循环代谢等系统一体化调控提出了呼吸为循环指标变异性起源的假说,我们对人睡眠期间的呼吸和心率变异分别分析,探索心率变异的起源。方法: 本研究回顾性分析了2014年以来行心肺运动试验(CPET)、多导睡眠图(PSG)鼻气流和心电图监测的8例无疾病诊断的正常人和10例无睡眠呼吸异常的慢性疾病患者,分析夜晚睡眠期间鼻气流的呼吸周期与心电图R-R间期心率变异周期的关系。一个完整的呼吸周期包括吸气过程和紧接着的呼气过程,分析计算呼吸周期数、平均呼吸周期时间等指标。心率由心电图的R-R间期计算获得,连续一次心率由最低点上升至最高点,再由最高点下降至最低点,为一个心率变异周期,计算心率变异周期数、平均心率变异时间、心率变异平均幅度等指标。比较同一人呼吸和心率变异指标之间的相互关系,以及两组人群之间的异同。结果: 正常人峰值摄氧量、无氧阈等CPET核心指标均显著优于无睡眠呼吸异常的慢性疾病患者(P<0.05)。正常人AHI((1.7±1.3)次/小时)和无睡眠呼吸异常慢性疾病患者AHI((2.9±1.2)次/小时)无差异(P>0.05)。正常人呼吸周期数与心率变异周期数((6581.63±1411.90)次、(6638.38±1459.46)次)、平均呼吸周期时间与平均心率变异周期时间((4.19±0.57)s、(4.16±0.62)s)均高度一致,无差异(P>0.05)。无睡眠呼吸异常的慢性疾病患者上述指标比较((7354.50±1443.50)次与(7291.20±1399.31)次、(4.20±0.69)s与(4.23±0.68)s)也是高度一致,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。正常人呼吸周期数/心率变异周期数(0.993±0.027)与无睡眠呼吸异常的慢性疾病患者呼吸周期数/心率变异周期数(1.008±0.024)比值均接近1。正常人心率变化平均幅度((5.74±3.21) bpm)略高于无睡眠呼吸异常的慢性疾病患者((2.88±1.44) bpm,P<0.05)。结论: 正常人和无睡眠呼吸异常的慢性疾病患者无论功能状态如何,心率变异与呼吸存在极其相似的一致性,其心率变异的始发因素均为呼吸所致。

关键词: 整体整合生理学医学, 心肺运动试验, 多导睡眠图, 鼻气流, 心电图R-R间期, 心率变异, 心率变异时间, 心率变异幅度

Abstract: Objective: The new theory of holistic integrative physiology and medicine, which describes the integrative regulation of respiratory, circulatory and metabolic systems in human body, generates the hypothesis of that breath is the origin of variability of circulatory parameters. We investigated the origin of heart rate variability by analyzing relationship between the breath and heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 8 normal subjects (NS) and 10 patients of chronic diseases without sleep apnea (CDs-no-SA). After signed the informed consent form, they performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in Fuwai Hospital and monitored polysomnography (PSG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) during sleep since 2014. We dominantly analyzed the correlation between the respiratory cycle during sleep and the heart rate variability cycle of the ECG R-R interval. The HRV cycle included the HR increase from the lowest to the highest and decrease from the highest to the lowest point. The number of HRV (HRV-n), average HRV time and other parameters were calculated. The breath cycle included complete inhalation and subsequent exhalation. The number of breath (B-n), average breath time and other breath parameters were analyzed and calculated. We analyzed each person's relationship between breath and HRV; and the similarities and differences between the NS and CDs-no-SA groups. Independent sample t test was used for statistical analysis, with P<0.05. Results: CPET core parameter such as Peak VO2 (83.8±8.9)% in NS were significantly higher than that (70.1±14.9)% in patients of chronic diseases without sleep apnea (P<0.05), but there was no difference between their AHI (1.7±1.3) in NS and AHI (2.9±1.2) in CDs-no-SA (P>0.05). The B-n and the HRV-n (6581.63±1411.90 vs 6638.38±1459.46), the average B time and the average HRV time (4.19±0.57)s vs (4.16±0.62)s in NS were similar without significant difference (P>0.05). The comparison of the numbers in CDs-no-SA were the number (7354.50±1443.50 vs 7291.20±1399.31) and the average times ((4.20±0.69)s vs (4.23±0.68)s) of B and HRV were similar without significant difference (P>0.05). The ratios of B-n/HRV-n in NS and CDs-no-SA were (0.993±0.027 vs 1.008±0.024) and both were close to 1 and similar without significant difference (P>0.05). The average magnitude of HRV in NS ((5.74±3.21) bpm) was significantly higher than that in CDs-no-SA ((2.88±1.44) bpm) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of the functional status of NS and CDs-no-SA, there is a similar consistency between B and HRV. The origin of initiating factors of HRV is the respiration.

Key words: holistic integrative physiology and medicine, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, polysomnography, nasal airflow, electrocardiogram R-R interval, heart rate variability, heart rate variability time, heart rate variability magnitude

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