Objective To evaluate the impact of microalgae oil on hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. Methods A total of 70 male SPF-grade SD rats aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into either a high-fat diet group (n=50) or a normal diet group (n=20). The rats were fed a HFD or a normal diet for 3 weeks. Subsequently, based on serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, the HFD group was further randomized into a model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose microalgae oil intervention groups, and a positive control group. The normal diet group was divided into a control group and a high-dose microalgae oil control group. Rats in the control and model groups were gavaged with corn oil, while those in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups received 300, 600, and 1800 mg/kg of microalgae oil, respectively. The positive control group was administered 1 mg/kg of atorvastatin calcium tablets, while the diets of all groups remained unchanged. After 5 weeks of intervention, rats were anesthetized, and blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Additionally, liver, kidney, and carotid artery vessels were subjected to histopathological examination. Results After 5 weeks of intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in body weight among the groups fed the HFD (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while HDL-C levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the medium- and high-dose microalgae oil intervention groups and the positive control group. Following the intervention, TC levels in the low-, medium-, and high-dose microalgae oil intervention groups decreased by 3.10%, 9.9%, and 24.8%, and TG levels decreased by 2.7%, 5.4%, and 10.3%, while LDL-C levels decreased by 3.4%, 16.6%, and 18.4%, respectively. Conversely, HDL-C levels increased by 16.7%, 28.2%, and 30.7%, respectively. Furthermore, compared to the model group, the medium and high-dose intervention groups exhibited significant reductions in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CREA), and urea nitrogen (BUN) (P<0.05). However, when compared to the control group, there were no significant differences in these indicators when comparing the high-dose intervention group to the control group (P>0.05). Pathological assessments revealed normal liver and kidney structures in both the control and high-dose control groups. In contrast, the model group displayed fatty degeneration in the liver, along with pathological changes such as swelling of renal tubular cells and disordered arrangement in the kidney. The microalgae oil intervention groups showed varying degrees of improvement across different doses. Conclusion This microalgae oil exhibits adjuvant hypolipidemic effects within a specific dose range.
Key words
microalgae oil /
hypolipidemia /
rats
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