Objective To revise China Dietary Guideline Index (CDGI) based on the China Dietary Guidelines released in 2022, and to evaluate changing trends of dietary quality among Chinese residents over the past three decades. Methods According to the eight balanced dietary principles of the China Dietary Guidelines released in 2022, the components that make up CDGI -2022 were selected, including 14 food group indicators which were cereals and tubers, other grains and miscellaneous beans, vegetables, dark vegetable ratio, fruits, milk and dairy products, soybeans, nuts, aquatic products, meat, eggs, cooking oil, salt, and alcohol, with a total score of 110 points. Residents aged 6 and above who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2018 were involved in the study. The intakes of various foods were evaluated and scored. Results A total of 111078 person-times were included in the study, and the total CDGI score increased from 35.5 points in 1991 to 43.3 points in 2018. The total CDGI scores of residents of different age groups in China showed a slow increase from 1991 to 2000 and a rapid increase from 2000 to 2011. The total CDGI scores of the 6-17-year-old group slightly decreased from 2011 to 2018, while the total CDGI scores of the 18-64-year-old group and the 65-year-old and above group showed a stable trend from 2011 to 2018. The score of fruits showed a increasing trend from 1991 to 2011 and a decreasing trend from 2011 to 2018. The scores of eggs, milk, and salt showed a gradually increasing trend, while the scores of vegetables showed a gradually decreasing trend. Conclusion The components and scoring method of CDGI -2022 reflect the basic principles of the China Dietary Guideline (2022) and can be used to evaluate the dietary quality of populations or individuals. In the past three decades, the dietary quality of Chinese residents has been continuously improving, but it is still not satisfactory.
Key words
dietary quality /
China dietary guideline index /
dietary intake /
dietary evaluation
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Wang Z, Siega-Riz AM, Gordon-Larsen P, et al. Diet quality and its association with type 2 diabetes and major cardiometabolic risk factors among adults in China[J]. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2018, 28: 987–1001.
[2] 王柳森,张兵,王惠君,等. “中国老年膳食指南指数”建立及在中国15省(自治区、直辖市)60岁及以上居民膳食评价中的应用[J].卫生研究,2019,48:41–48.
[3] Huang F, Wang Z, Wang L, et al. Evaluating adherence to recommended diets in adults 1991-2015: revised China dietary guidelines index[J].Nutr J,2019, 18:70.
[4] 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南(2022)[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社,2022:304.
[5] 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2014: 86.
[6] Zhang B, Zhai F, Du S, et al. The China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1989-2011[J].Obes Rev,2014, 15(Suppl 1): 2–7.
[7] Popkin BM, Du S, Zhai F, et al. Cohort Profile: The China Health and Nutrition Survey--monitoring and understanding socio-economic and health change in China, 1989-2011[J]. Int J Epidemiol,2010,39:1435–1440.
[8] Hao L, Jiang H, Zhang B, et al. High diet quality is linked to low risk of abdominal obesity among the elderly women in China[J]. Nutrients,2022, 14:2623.
[9] 黄绯绯. 感知压力对超重、肥胖的影响及膳食因素在其中的间接作用[D]. 北京: 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所, 2022.
[10] Huang L,Wang L,Jiang H, et al. Trends in dietary carbohydrates, protein, and fat intake and diet quality among Chinese adults, 1991–2015: results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey[J]. Public Health Nutr,2022, 26:1–31.
[11] Jia X, Su C, Du W, et al. Association of dietary quality with cognitive function in Chinese adults aged 55 years and above: a longitudinal study[J].J Nutr Health Aging, 2023,27:514–523.
[12] 何宇纳,房玥晖,夏娟. 中国膳食平衡指数的修订:DBI_16[J]. 营养学报,2018,40:526–530.
[13] Yuan YQ, Li F, Dong RH, et al. The development of a Chinese healthy eating index and its application in the general population[J]. Nutrient,2017,9:977.
[14] 何宇纳,房玥晖,杨晓光,等. 中国健康膳食指数建立与应用[J].营养学报,2017, 39: 436–441.
[15] Huang Y, Wang H, Tian X.Changing diet quality in China during 2004-2011[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,14:13.
