Objective To investigate anti-fatigue effect of the Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE), and explore the mechanisms in mice exposed to hypoxic environment. Methods (1) Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into hypoxia swimming control (HSC) group, MLE low- and high-dose groups. The control group was given distilled water, and the MLE low- and high-dose groups were intragastrically given MLE at doses of 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg per day. After 15d of gavage, exhaustive swimming experiment was performed in a hypobaric hypoxic chamber which simulated an altitude of 4000 meters, and survival time was recorded. (2) Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, hypoxia control (HC) group, HSC group and MLE group. The MLE group was intragastrically administrated MLE at dose of 2000 mg/kg per day. The other three groups were given distilled water. After 15d of gavage, a 90-min swimming test was performed in a hypobaric hypoxic chamber which simulated an altitude of 4000 meters. Serum, liver and muscle tissues were taken after the test, and related parameters were determined. Results Compared with the HSC group, the survival time of MLE high-dose group was prolonged significantly（P<0.05）. Compared with the NC group, the levels of serum lactic acid (LA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in skeletal muscle were increased. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), CHOP and GRP78 (endoplasmic reticulum stress markets) and Caspase-3 (apoptosis indicator) in skeletal muscles were increased significantly（P<0.05）, while the levels of Glu, muscle glycogen (MG) and liver glycogen (LG) and activities of SOD in skeletal muscles were significantly decreased in the HSC group（P<0.05）. Compared with the HC group, the levels of BUN, ROS and apoptosis ratio in skeletal muscles, and the expression of GRP78 and Caspase-3 in skeletal muscles were increased significantly in the HSC group, while the levels of blood Glu, MG and LG, content of GSH in skeletal muscles, and activities of SOD and GSH-Px in skeletal muscles were decreased significanty in the HSC group（P<0.05）. Compared with the HSC group, the levels of LA and BUN in serum, MDA, ROS and apoptosis in skeletal muscles, and the expressions of GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-3 were decreased remarkably in the MLE group. The levels of Glu, MG and LG, the content of GSH in skeletal muscles, and activities of SOD and GSH-Px in skeletal muscles were increased significantly（P<0.05）. Conclusion Under hypoxic environment, MLE exerts anti-fatigue action by reducing metabolites accumulation, relieving oxidative stress, and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Key words
Moringa oleifera leaves extract /
hypoxia /
fatigue /
oxidative stress /
endoplasmic reticulum stress /
mouse
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