Objective To understand the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Wuhan, and provide scientific evidence for iodine supplementation in iodine deficiency prevention and control in pregnant women. Methods Thirteen districts of Wuhan were divided into the east, west, south, north, and center, in which 20 pregnant women from every town/street were selected every year from 2018 to 2022. Salt and urine samples were collected to analyze the iodine nutrition of pregnant women. Results A total of 6,495 subjects were included in the study, with a median age of 30 years and a median gestation of 20 weeks. There were statistically significant differences in age, gestation, whether they were elderly pregnant women, and pregnancy stages from year to year (H/χ2=39.97, 536.97, 11.43, 538.12, P<0.05). The median iodine content in the salt was 24.2 mg/kg. The iodized salt coverage rate was 99.18%, and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 95.41%. There were differences in iodized salt coverage rates and qualified iodized salt consumption rates in different years (χ2=44.31, 32.25, P<0.05), with a trend of increasing qualified iodized salt consumption rate over the years (trend P<0.05). The median urinary iodine concentration was 150.40 μg/L. There were differences in median urinary iodine concentrations among different years, regions, pregnancy stages, and quartiles of salt iodine content (H=22.59, 5.061, 8.252, 20.488, P<0.05). In 2021 and 2022, as well as in the central urban area and early pregnancy, iodine deficiency cases were diagnosed. The median urinary iodine concentration showed a decreasing trend over the years and an increasing trend with pregnancy stages (trend P<0.05). There were more than 50% of districts not reaching the iodine adequacy recommended by international organizations in four years. Only one year had median urinary iodine concentration meeting the recommended adequacy standards set by international organizations in Jiang'an, Qiaokou, Wuchang, Dongxihu and Huangpi Districts. Conclusion The iodized salt coverage rate and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate among pregnant women in the districts of Wuhan are relatively high, but there is a risk of iodine deficiency in early pregnancy, while pregnant women in Jiang'an, Qiaokou, Wuchang, Dongxihu and Huangpi District experience more severe risk of iodine deficiency. It is necessary to strengthen the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in urban areas.
Key words
iodized salt /
urinary iodine /
pregnant women
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