Objective To assess the characteristics of dietary patterns among overweight and obese children and its association with cardiovascular metabolic risks. Methods Normal weight or obese children who hospitalized at the Department of Children's Health Care of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July to September 2023 were recruited. Their body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and insulin levels were measured. The dietary survey was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary patterns was extracted by the factor analysis. The correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular metabolic risk among overweight and obese children. Results A total of 255 subjects were included in the overweight/obese group, and 221 subjects in the normal weight group. Five dietary patterns were extracted: aquatic-based diet, high-GI (glycemic index) diet, snack-based diet, vegetarian diet, and meat, egg or milk diet. Compared to the normal weight group, overweight obese group had higher factor scores for the high GI, snack-based, and meat, egg or milk diet (Z values:–6.930,–3.049,–4.735, P<0.05). In addition, the factor score of the high-GI diet was positively related to systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and HOME-IR, and negatively related to HLD-C (Z values: –0.148,P=0.018). No correlation was observed between the scores of the other three models and metabolic indicators（P>0.05）. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the high-GI diet was a risk factor for hypertension (Q3: Q1 OR=2.287, 95% CI: 1.221-4.282), glucose metabolism disorders (Q3: Q1 OR=2.754, 95% CI: 1.436-5.281), and lipid metabolism abnormalities (Q3: Q1 OR=2.769, 95% CI: 1.474-5.201). The snack-based diet was a risk factor for hypertension (Q3: Q1 OR=2.139, 95% CI: 1.134-4.035). The above relationship still exists after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion The high-GI and snack-based diets increase cardiovascular metabolic risks in obese children. Dietary intervention should reduce high GI foods and choose snacks reasonably.
Key words
dietary pattern /
children obesity /
glucolipid metabolism /
cardiometabolic risk factors
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