ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIETARY FATTY ACID INTAKE, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN CHINESE ADULTS

GUO Pan-pan; WANG Jing; ZHANG Yi-zhi; LIU Yun-hang; FENG Ren-nan

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Acta Nutrimenta Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1) : 1-9.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIETARY FATTY ACID INTAKE, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN CHINESE ADULTS

GUO Pan-pan¹, WANG Jing², ZHANG Yi-zhi³, LIU Yun-hang³, FENG Ren-nan³

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Abstract

Objective To explore the differences in dietary fatty acid intake among patients with obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia and to evaluate their dose-response relationships. Methods This case-control study enrolled 6,358 adult participants during 2014~2024 from the Nutrition Health Atlas Project (NHAP). The basic information, physical indicators, health and dietary information of the subjects were collected by the Internet-based Dietary and Lifestyle Questionnaire for Chinese Residents (IDQC). Independent sample t test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in dietary fatty acid intake between different disease groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between the intakes of different types of fatty acids and the prevalences of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore the dose-response relationship. Results Compared with participants in the lowest quintile, both butyric acid and α-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced risk of obesity among participants in the highest quintile, whereas pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) was suggestively linked to an elevated risk of obesity (OR_{butyric acid}=0.602, 95% CI: 0.471~0.767; OR_{α-linolenic acid}=0.777, 95% CI: 0.607~0.993; OR_C15:0=1.767, 95% CI: 1.320~2.367). Arachidonic acid intake was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension (OR =0.481, 95% CI: 0.330~0.697). The results of RCS analysis showed that there was a significant nonlinear relationship between butyrate and obesity (P nonlinear=0.027). There was a significant nonlinear relationship between arachidonic acid and hypertension (P nonlinear=0.042). Conclusion Higher dietary intake of butyric acid and α-linolenic acid are protective for obesity, while higher dietary intake of arachidonic acid is protective for hypertension in a dose-response pattern. Additionally, pentadecanoic acid may increase the risk of obesity.

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obesity / hypertension / hyperlipidemia / fatty acid / correlation

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GUO Pan-pan, WANG Jing, ZHANG Yi-zhi, LIU Yun-hang, FENG Ren-nan. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIETARY FATTY ACID INTAKE, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN CHINESE ADULTS[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica. 2026, 48(1): 1-9

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