Objective To investigate the effects of magnesium metabolism-related gene polymorphisms on plasma magnesium status and their interaction with dietary magnesium intake in Chinese adults aged 45 years and above. Methods This study utilized data from the 2015 China Nutrition and Health Surveillance. A total of 2,431 participants aged ≥45 years were selected using stratified random sampling. Genotyping for TRPM6 rs2274924, CNNM2 rs3740393, CLDN9 rs719676, and FXYD2 rs948100 was performed using the SNPscan technique. Plasma magnesium concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between genotypes and plasma magnesium levels as well as the risk of magnesium deficiency, respectively. The interaction between genotypes and dietary magnesium intake status (adequate/inadequate) was tested. All models were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, education level, residence (urban/rural), region (east/central/west), and dietary magnesium intake status. Results The median plasma magnesium concentration of the study population was 0.87 mmol/L. The CC genotype of CNNM2 rs3740393 was associated with higher plasma magnesium levels (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.002-0.036, P=0.028). The CG genotype of FXYD2 rs948100 was associated with a lower risk of magnesium deficiency (OR=0.386, 95% CI: 0.161-0.925, P=0.033). Interaction analysis revealed a significant interaction between TRPM6 rs2274924 and adequate dietary magnesium intake (TT×adequate: β=0.052, 95%CI: 0.024-0.081, P-FDR=0.003; CT × adequate: β=0.039, 95% CI: 0.010-0.069, P-FDR=0.034). Plasma magnesium levels were significantly higher in carriers of the TT and CT genotypes. Conclusion This study confirms in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population that CNNM2 and FXYD2 gene variants are independent influencing factors for plasma magnesium status, while the TRPM6 gene variant exhibits an interaction with dietary intake.
Key words
genetic polymorphism /
middle-aged and elderly /
plasma magnesium /
gene-environment interaction
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