ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY QUALITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA USING THE REVISED DIET BALANCE INDEX FOR THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

ZHENG Fei; ZHANG Yu; GAO Yan; WU You-wei; ZHANG Gang; LIU Jing

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Acta Nutrimenta Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 237-245.

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY QUALITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA USING THE REVISED DIET BALANCE INDEX FOR THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

ZHENG Fei¹, ZHANG Yu², GAO Yan³, WU You-wei³, ZHANG Gang⁴, LIU Jing³

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Abstract

Objective To develop a dietary balance index for the second trimester of pregnancy (DBI_P_22) based on the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI_22) and the 2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and evaluate dietary quality and its influencing factor among women in their second trimester in Southwest China. Methods The DBI_P_22 was developed based on the DBI_22 and the 2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to 6,213 pregnant women in the second trimester in Southwest China. Three measures of the DBI_P_22: lower-bound score (LBS), higher-bound score (HBS), and dietary quality distance (DQD) were used for dietary quality assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors associated with dietary quality. Results Dietary imbalance was prevalent among women in the second trimester in Southwest China, characterized by the co-occurrence of inadequate and excessive intakes. Overall, 96.21% of the participants experienced dietary imbalance, while the proportions of excessive and inadequate intakes were 60.42% and 83.08%, respectively. Excessive intake was mainly observed for cereals, livestock and poultry meat, and cooking oil and salt. Inadequate intake was pronounced for vegetables, tubers, fish and shrimp, and animal blood and liver. Suboptimal intake of milk, eggs, soybeans, and nuts was observed in a certain proportion of participants, and inadequate dietary diversity was widespread. Educational attainment was significantly and negatively associated with LBS and DQD, but showed no significant association with HBS. Household annual income exhibited a nonlinear relationship with HBS and was negatively associated with LBS. Conclusion Pregnant women in the second trimester in Southwest China commonly experience dietary imbalance, with coexisting excessive and inadequate intakes. Lower dietary quality was observed among those with lower educational attainment and lower household income. Targeted nutritional education and intervention strategies should prioritize these vulnerable populations.

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pregnancy / Dietary Balance Index (DBI) / dietary assessment / dietary quality / influencing factors

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ZHENG Fei, ZHANG Yu, GAO Yan, WU You-wei, ZHANG Gang, LIU Jing. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY QUALITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA USING THE REVISED DIET BALANCE INDEX FOR THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica. 2026, 48(3): 237-245

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