EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF GUT-KIDNEY AXIS-BASED TOTAL NUTRITION FORMULA INTERVENTION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

MA Yu-teng; XIE Hong-quan; CHEN Yue-ying; TANG Ji-jiao; ZHANG Mei; LIU Ying

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Acta Nutrimenta Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 280-289.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF GUT-KIDNEY AXIS-BASED TOTAL NUTRITION FORMULA INTERVENTION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

MA Yu-teng, XIE Hong-quan, CHEN Yue-ying, TANG Ji-jiao, ZHANG Mei, LIU Ying

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Abstract

Objective Based on the gut-kidney axis theory, to design a complete nutritional formula supplemented with Lactobacillus casei for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and verify its renoprotective efficacy in an animal model. Methods A basic formula group (BFG) and a probiotic formula group (PFG) containing 1×10⁸ CFU/100 g Lactobacillus casei were formulated. Fifty SPF-grade male SD rats were used: 10 served as the blank control group (BCG), and the remaining 40 received adenine suspension via gavage at 250 mg/(kg·d) for 6 weeks to induce CKD. Thirty successfully modeled rats were randomly assigned to the CKD, BFG, and PFG groups (n=10 each). The BCG and CKD groups were fed standard chow, while the BFG and PFG groups received their respective formula diets for 5 weeks. Food intake was recorded daily and body weight weekly. At the end of intervention, 24-hour urine was collected for 24-hour urinary total protein (24h-UTP) measurement; blood was drawn from the abdominal aorta for serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) assays; kidneys were harvested and weighed to calculate the kidney-to-body weight ratio. Renal histopathology was evaluated by HE and Masson staining, and fecal gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results Compared with the BCG group, adenine-treated rats showed markedly elevated Scr and BUN (both P < 0.001), confirming successful CKD modeling. Compared with the CKD group, both the BFG and PFG groups exhibited significantly increased body weight (P < 0.05), reduced Scr and BUN (P < 0.05), and attenuated renal pathological damage; the PFG group showed superior improvement in the kidney-to-body weight ratio (P < 0.05). The Chao1 index of gut microbiota was significantly higher in the CKD group (P < 0.05), and the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium was increased in the PFG group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in food intake was observed among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The complete nutritional basic formula improves renal function in CKD rats, and Lactobacillus casei supplementation further enhances this benefit by modulating gut microbiota, providing experimental support for the development of specialized medical foods for CKD patients.

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gut-kidney axis / chronic kidney disease / total nutrition formula food / probiotics / gut microbiota

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MA Yu-teng, XIE Hong-quan, CHEN Yue-ying, TANG Ji-jiao, ZHANG Mei, LIU Ying. EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF GUT-KIDNEY AXIS-BASED TOTAL NUTRITION FORMULA INTERVENTION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica. 2026, 48(3): 280-289

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