目的 本研究旨在分析中国城市成年居民在外就餐频率、食物消费结构以及营养素摄入状况。方法 本研究数据来源于2022–2023年中国城市居民食物消费状况调查,采用多阶段等比例分层随机抽样方法,选取中国9个省（直辖市）113个城市的1837名成年居民作为研究对象;采用问卷和24 h膳食回顾法收集居民各类食物消费状况和饮食行为;采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验比较外出就餐频率、就餐地点、食物消费结构以及各类营养素摄入比例的差异。结果 研究发现,2022–2023年中国城市成年居民平均每月外出就餐7.3次;三餐中,午餐外出就餐比例最高为69.3%,晚餐最低仅为22.4%;在外就餐时,早餐、午餐在工作场所就餐的比例最高;晚餐在餐厅的比例最高。外出就餐消费的食物占食物消费总量的30%~55%,其中豆类、水果和肉类是外出就餐中占比最高的食物种类,分别为53.59%、52.45%和47.82%。外出就餐贡献了44%~50%的营养摄入,其中,脂肪、锰、胡萝卜素和钠在外就餐摄入比例较高。结论 外出就餐已经成为城市成年居民主要的饮食方式,并成为豆类、水果、肉等食物最主要的消费渠道,贡献了接近50%的营养素摄入量。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the dining-out frequency, food consumption patterns, and nutritional intake among adult urban residents in China. Methods Data were collected by the 2022-2023 Chinese Urban Residents’ Food Consumption Survey. A total of 1837 participants aged 18 and over were included in the final analysis. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used to record residents’ food consumption. The dining behaviors of the individuals with different characteristics were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results During 2022-2023, urban residents in China dined out an average of 7.3 times per month. Among the three main meals, lunch accounted for the highest proportion of dining out at 69.3%, while dinner was the lowest at 22.4%. When dining out, breakfast and lunch were most often consumed in the workplace canteen, whereas dinner was predominantly eaten in the restaurants. Food consumed while dining out accounted for 30%-55% of the total food consumption. Beans, fruits, and meat were the most frequently consumed food categories when dining out, with the proportions at 53.59%, 52.45%, and 47.82%, respectively. Eating out contributed 44% -50% of nutrient intake, with higher proportions of fat, manganese, carotenoids, and sodium consumed during dining out. Conclusion Dinning out has become a primary way of eating for urban residents, and is a main channel for the consumption of beans, fruits, meat, contributing nearly 50% of daily intakes.
关键词
在外就餐 /
城市 /
成年居民
Key words
dinning out /
city /
adults
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基金
国家自然科学基金地区与组织间合作交流项目（营养目标下的食物供给与消费均衡研,No.72361147521）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（双循环”背景下我国食物需求转型与基于营养健康目标的粮食安全研究,No.72174088）
