目的 评价微藻油对高脂饮食（high-fat diet,HFD）诱导的大鼠高血脂的影响。方法 选用70只4 w龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为高脂饮食组（n=50）和正常饮食组（n=20）,分别给予高脂饲料和正常饲料喂养3 w后,按照血清总胆固醇水平将高脂饮食组随机分为模型组、微藻油低、中、高干预组及阳性对照组,将正常饮食组分为对照组及微藻油高剂量对照组,对照组及模型组灌胃玉米油,微藻油低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃300、600、1800 mg/kg的微藻油,阳性对照组灌胃1 mg/kg的阿托伐他汀钙片,各组饲料保持不变;干预5 w后,麻醉大鼠,腹主动脉取血后处死,分别检测大鼠血清甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）等指标,取各组大鼠肝脏、肾脏、颈动脉进行组织病理学检查。结果 干预5 w后,高脂饲料喂养的各组大鼠体重无显著差异（P>0.05）;与模型组相比,微藻油中、高剂量干预组及阳性对照组TC、TG、LDL-C均显著降低（P<0.05）,HDL-C显著升高（P<0.05）;与干预前相比,干预后微藻油低、中、高剂量干预组TC分别降低了3.10%、9.9%、24.8%,TG分别降低了2.7%、5.4%、10.3%,LDL-C分别降低了3.4%、16.6%、18.4%,HDL-C分别升高了16.7%、28.2%、30.7%。此外,与模型组相比,中、高剂量干预组谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、肌酐及尿素氮水平均显著降低（P<0.05）;而与对照组相比,高剂量对照组上述指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）;病理学结果显示：对照组与高剂量对照组肝脏、肾脏结构正常,模型组肝脏出现脂肪化,肾脏组织出现肾小管细胞肿大、排列紊乱等病理改变,微藻油不同剂量干预组均有不同程度的改善。结论 微藻油在特定剂量范围内具有辅助降血脂的功效。
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the impact of microalgae oil on hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. Methods A total of 70 male SPF-grade SD rats aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into either a high-fat diet group (n=50) or a normal diet group (n=20). The rats were fed a HFD or a normal diet for 3 weeks. Subsequently, based on serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, the HFD group was further randomized into a model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose microalgae oil intervention groups, and a positive control group. The normal diet group was divided into a control group and a high-dose microalgae oil control group. Rats in the control and model groups were gavaged with corn oil, while those in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups received 300, 600, and 1800 mg/kg of microalgae oil, respectively. The positive control group was administered 1 mg/kg of atorvastatin calcium tablets, while the diets of all groups remained unchanged. After 5 weeks of intervention, rats were anesthetized, and blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Additionally, liver, kidney, and carotid artery vessels were subjected to histopathological examination. Results After 5 weeks of intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in body weight among the groups fed the HFD (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while HDL-C levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the medium- and high-dose microalgae oil intervention groups and the positive control group. Following the intervention, TC levels in the low-, medium-, and high-dose microalgae oil intervention groups decreased by 3.10%, 9.9%, and 24.8%, and TG levels decreased by 2.7%, 5.4%, and 10.3%, while LDL-C levels decreased by 3.4%, 16.6%, and 18.4%, respectively. Conversely, HDL-C levels increased by 16.7%, 28.2%, and 30.7%, respectively. Furthermore, compared to the model group, the medium and high-dose intervention groups exhibited significant reductions in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CREA), and urea nitrogen (BUN) (P<0.05). However, when compared to the control group, there were no significant differences in these indicators when comparing the high-dose intervention group to the control group (P>0.05). Pathological assessments revealed normal liver and kidney structures in both the control and high-dose control groups. In contrast, the model group displayed fatty degeneration in the liver, along with pathological changes such as swelling of renal tubular cells and disordered arrangement in the kidney. The microalgae oil intervention groups showed varying degrees of improvement across different doses. Conclusion This microalgae oil exhibits adjuvant hypolipidemic effects within a specific dose range.
关键词
微藻油 /
降血脂 /
大鼠
Key words
microalgae oil /
hypolipidemia /
rats
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