目的 分析2018年中国15省 (自治区、直辖市) 6~17岁儿童青少年宏量营养素供能比与超重/肥胖以及身体体质指数（BMI）的关系。方法 数据来源于中美合作课题“中国健康与营养调查”和国家财政项目“中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究”。选取2018年调查中数据完整的6~17岁儿童青少年1464人。采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法和家庭称重法收集膳食资料。分别采用广义线性回归模型和Logistic回归模型分析宏量营养素摄入与BMI和超重/肥胖的关系。结果 2018年儿童青少年超重/肥胖率为22.5%。调整混杂因素后,相较于蛋白质供能比<10%组,12%~15%组（β=0.71,95%CI:0.19,1.22）和≥15%组（β=0.78,95%CI:0.21,1.34）与BMI呈正相关;蛋白质供能比12~15%组(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.01,2.14)和≥15%组（OR=1.58,95%CI:1.06,2.37）超重/肥胖的风险分别增加47%和58%。与碳水化合物供能比<40%组相比,≥55%组（OR=1.47,95%CI:1.02,2.11）超重/肥胖风险增加47%。结论 儿童青少年蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入与超重/肥胖和BMI呈正相关。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the relationship between percentage of energy from macronutrients and overweight/obesity and body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 15 provinces of China in 2018. Methods The data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and China Nutrition Transition Cohort Study. A sample of 1464 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years with complete information in 2018 were included. Consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls and weighting method were used to collect food intake data. Generalized linear model and logistic regression model were applied to analyze the relationship between macronutrients intake and BMI and overweight/obesity, respectively. Results The rate of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents was 22.5% in 2018. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the group with less than 10% energy from protein,the group with 12% to 15% (β=0.71, 95% CI:0.19,1.22) and greater than or equal to 15% (β=0.78, 95% CI:0.21,1.34) were positively correlated with BMI, and the risk of overweight/obesity increased by 47% and 58% in the group with 12% to 15% (OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.01,2.14) and greater than or equal to 15% (OR=1.58, 95% CI:1.06,2.37), respectively. The group with greater than or equal to 55% energy from carbohydrate (OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.02,2.11) had a 47% increased risk of overweight/obesity compared to the group with less than 40% energy from carbohydrate. Conclusion Protein and carbohydrate intake were positively associated with overweight/obesity and BMI in children and adolescents.
关键词
儿童青少年 /
超重 /
肥胖 /
宏量营养素
Key words
children and adolescents /
overweight /
obesity /
macronutrients
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基金
中国健康与营养调查（No.R01-HD30880,DK056350,R01-HD38700）; 国家财政项目（No.13103110700015005）
