目的 依据2022年发布的《中国居民膳食指南》,对以前建立的中国膳食指南指数（CDGI）进行修订,形成中国膳食指南指数-2022（CDGI -2022）,并对我国居民膳食质量近三十年的变化趋势进行评价。方法 根据2022版《中国居民膳食指南》的八条平衡膳食准则选择构成CDGI -2022的组分,包括14个食物组指标,分别为谷薯类、其他谷类及杂豆、蔬菜总量、深色蔬菜比例、水果、奶及奶制品、大豆、坚果、水产品、禽畜肉、蛋类、烹调油、盐和酒精,总分为110分。选取1991年至2018年期间参加“中国健康与营养调查”的6岁及以上居民作为研究对象,对其各类食物的摄入量进行评价计分。结果 共纳入研究对象111078人次,CDGI总分从1991年的35.5分上升至2018年的43.3分。不同年龄段居民CDGI总分均呈现出1991~2000年缓慢上升、2000~2011年快速上升的趋势,其中6~17岁组的CDGI总分从2011-2018年略有降低,18~64岁组和65岁及以上组则呈稳定趋势。水果的得分呈现1991~2011年增加、2011-2018年降低的趋势;蛋类、奶类和烹调盐的得分均呈现出逐渐增长的趋势,蔬菜的得分呈现出逐渐降低的趋势。结论 CDGI-2022的组分和计分方法反映了《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》的基本原理,可用于评价群体和个体的膳食质量。近三十年来,我国居民膳食质量不断提升,但仍不够理想。
Abstract
Objective To revise China Dietary Guideline Index (CDGI) based on the China Dietary Guidelines released in 2022, and to evaluate changing trends of dietary quality among Chinese residents over the past three decades. Methods According to the eight balanced dietary principles of the China Dietary Guidelines released in 2022, the components that make up CDGI -2022 were selected, including 14 food group indicators which were cereals and tubers, other grains and miscellaneous beans, vegetables, dark vegetable ratio, fruits, milk and dairy products, soybeans, nuts, aquatic products, meat, eggs, cooking oil, salt, and alcohol, with a total score of 110 points. Residents aged 6 and above who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2018 were involved in the study. The intakes of various foods were evaluated and scored. Results A total of 111078 person-times were included in the study, and the total CDGI score increased from 35.5 points in 1991 to 43.3 points in 2018. The total CDGI scores of residents of different age groups in China showed a slow increase from 1991 to 2000 and a rapid increase from 2000 to 2011. The total CDGI scores of the 6-17-year-old group slightly decreased from 2011 to 2018, while the total CDGI scores of the 18-64-year-old group and the 65-year-old and above group showed a stable trend from 2011 to 2018. The score of fruits showed a increasing trend from 1991 to 2011 and a decreasing trend from 2011 to 2018. The scores of eggs, milk, and salt showed a gradually increasing trend, while the scores of vegetables showed a gradually decreasing trend. Conclusion The components and scoring method of CDGI -2022 reflect the basic principles of the China Dietary Guideline (2022) and can be used to evaluate the dietary quality of populations or individuals. In the past three decades, the dietary quality of Chinese residents has been continuously improving, but it is still not satisfactory.
关键词
膳食质量 /
中国膳食指南指数 /
膳食摄入 /
膳食评价
Key words
dietary quality /
China dietary guideline index /
dietary intake /
dietary evaluation
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Wang Z, Siega-Riz AM, Gordon-Larsen P, et al. Diet quality and its association with type 2 diabetes and major cardiometabolic risk factors among adults in China[J]. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2018, 28: 987–1001.
[2] 王柳森,张兵,王惠君,等. “中国老年膳食指南指数”建立及在中国15省(自治区、直辖市)60岁及以上居民膳食评价中的应用[J].卫生研究,2019,48:41–48.
[3] Huang F, Wang Z, Wang L, et al. Evaluating adherence to recommended diets in adults 1991-2015: revised China dietary guidelines index[J].Nutr J,2019, 18:70.
[4] 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南(2022)[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社,2022:304.
[5] 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2014: 86.
[6] Zhang B, Zhai F, Du S, et al. The China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1989-2011[J].Obes Rev,2014, 15(Suppl 1): 2–7.
[7] Popkin BM, Du S, Zhai F, et al. Cohort Profile: The China Health and Nutrition Survey--monitoring and understanding socio-economic and health change in China, 1989-2011[J]. Int J Epidemiol,2010,39:1435–1440.
[8] Hao L, Jiang H, Zhang B, et al. High diet quality is linked to low risk of abdominal obesity among the elderly women in China[J]. Nutrients,2022, 14:2623.
[9] 黄绯绯. 感知压力对超重、肥胖的影响及膳食因素在其中的间接作用[D]. 北京: 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所, 2022.
[10] Huang L,Wang L,Jiang H, et al. Trends in dietary carbohydrates, protein, and fat intake and diet quality among Chinese adults, 1991–2015: results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey[J]. Public Health Nutr,2022, 26:1–31.
[11] Jia X, Su C, Du W, et al. Association of dietary quality with cognitive function in Chinese adults aged 55 years and above: a longitudinal study[J].J Nutr Health Aging, 2023,27:514–523.
[12] 何宇纳,房玥晖,夏娟. 中国膳食平衡指数的修订:DBI_16[J]. 营养学报,2018,40:526–530.
[13] Yuan YQ, Li F, Dong RH, et al. The development of a Chinese healthy eating index and its application in the general population[J]. Nutrient,2017,9:977.
[14] 何宇纳,房玥晖,杨晓光,等. 中国健康膳食指数建立与应用[J].营养学报,2017, 39: 436–441.
[15] Huang Y, Wang H, Tian X.Changing diet quality in China during 2004-2011[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,14:13.
基金
美国国立卫生研究院(No.R01-HD30880,DK056350,R24 HD050924,R01-HD388700)、中华人民共和国财政部(13103110700015005)
