目的 探讨一种精准营养自助餐供餐模式对飞行作业人员膳食营养摄入的改善作用及对高尿酸血症、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症的干预效果。为探索适合飞行作业人员的供餐模式提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法,选取149名飞行作业人员为研究对象,入院时采用传统自助餐供餐模式,用称重法进行为期3 d的膳食调查和相关生化指标检查,随后采用精准营养自助餐供餐模式供餐,20 d后,用称重法进行为期3 d的膳食调查和相关生化指标复查,用中国营养学会推荐相关指标或方法评价膳食营养中存在的问题,采用t检验分析干预前后飞行作业人员三种异常体检指标的差异。结果 传统自助餐模式下,盐、油、禽畜肉等的摄入远超过推荐摄入量;多种营养素摄入量严重超标;而在精准营养自助餐模式下,盐、油、禽畜肉等食物以及能量、蛋白质和脂肪摄入量明显下降,更接近推荐摄入量,其他营养素如维生素C、维生素E、钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、磷和硒等的摄入均有不同程度的改善;传统自助餐供餐模式正端分（HBS）为14,提示膳食低度摄入过量,精准营养自助餐供餐模式HBS为7,提示摄入较适宜;精准营养自助餐模式干预后,飞行作业人员的血尿酸、甘油三酯和胆固醇水平显著下降（P<0.01)。结论 与传统自助餐模式相比,精准营养自助餐模式食物和营养素摄入趋于合理,精准营养自助餐模式值得进一步推广应用。
Abstract
Objective To apply a precision nutrition buffet mode and test its nutritional effects in pilots. Methods A total of 149 pilots were selected as the study subjects. They were served by traditional buffet mode upon admission. A 3-day dietary survey and blood lipids and uric acid measurements were conducted. Then, a precise nutrition buffet mode was adopted. Twenty days later, a 3-day dietary survey was conducted and blood lipids and uric acid were rechecked. Food supply standards, dietary reference intakes and Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI 22) were used to evaluate the quality of dietary nutrition. The differences in blood lipids and uric acid before and after the intervention were analyzed. Results In traditional buffet mode, the intakes of salt, oil, poultry and livestock meat far exceeded the recommended intake. The intakes of many nutrients were excessive. In the precision nutrition buffet mode, the intakes of salt, oil, poultry and livestock meat, as well as many nutrients decreased significantly. High bound score (HBS) of the traditional buffetmode was 14, indicating excessive low-level dietary intake. The HBS of the precision nutrition buffet mode was 7, indicating a more appropriate intake. After the intervention by precision nutrition buffet mode, blood uric acid, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly delined. Conclusion Compared to the traditional buffet mode, precision nutrition buffet mode is better in securiong a balance dietary intake. The precision nutrition buffet mode is worthy of promotion and application.
关键词
精准营养 /
飞行作业人员 /
膳食平衡 /
供餐模式
Key words
precise nutrition /
pilots /
dietary balance /
meal supply mode
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 余海,龚建军,陈瑾献,等.新时期改进特勤疗养保障模式的思考[J].西南国防医药,2020,30:163–164.
[2] 徐建华,曹保文.特勤疗养强健促进模式系统研究[J].中华保健医学杂志,2019,21:599–601.
[3] 陈培战,王慧.精准医学时代下的精准营养[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50:1036–1040.
[4] McClung HL, Champagne CM, Allen HR,#magtechI#et al. Digital food photography technology improves efficiency and feasibility of dietary intake assessments in large populations eating ad libitum in collective dining facilities[J].Appetite,2017,116:389–394.
[5] Joachim D, Marios A, Sergey S, et al. Two-view 3D reconstruction for food volume estimation[J].IEEE TMM2017,9:1090-1099.
[6] 邵展坚. 无人结算系统中的菜品识别技术研究与实现[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2019.
[7] 杨月欣. 中国食物成分表标准版[M].6版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2018.
[8] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2023版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2023.
[9] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2022版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2022.
[10] 何宇纳,叶晨,房玥晖,等.中国膳食平衡指数的修订:DBI 22[J].营养学报,2024,46:209–214.
[11] 杜鹏,白霜,穆慧玲,等.空军飞行作业人员膳食调查[J].职业与健康,2021,37:756–759.
[12] 沈江洁. 2009-2019年某疗养院高性能战斗机飞行作业人员疾病谱分析[J].海军医学杂志,2020,41:401–403
[13] 中国疾病预防控制中心.中国慢性病及危险因素检测报告2018[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2021.
[14] 王进,刘佳佳,于川,等.2013-2020年度试飞员疾病谱分析[J].空军医学杂志,2022,38:119–121.
[15] Zhang M, Lin L, Liu H.Acute effect of soy and soy products on serum uric acid concentration among healthy Chinese men[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2018, 27:1239–1242.
[16] Dludla PV, Nkamblue BB, Nyambuya TM, et al. Vitamin C intake potentially lowers total cholesterol to improve endothelial function in diabetic patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J]. Front Nutr,2022, 31:1001–1002.
[17] Hidiroglou N, Gilani GS, Long L, et al. The influence of dietary vitamin E, fat, and methionine on blood cholesterol profile, homocysteine levels, and oxidiza-bility of low density lipoprotein in the gerbil[J]. J Nutr Biochem, 2004,15:730–740.
[18] Dos Santos LR, Melo SRS, Severo JS, et al. Cardiovascular diseases in obesity: what is the role of magnesium?[J]. Biol Trace Elem Res,2021,199:4020–4027.
[19] Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Ghobadi S, Akhlaghi M, et al. The effect of calcium supplement intake on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials[J]. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,2022,62:2093–2102.
[20] 陈玉,肖婷,郑德莎,等.我国军事飞行作业人员疾病谱的Meta分析[J].空军医学杂志,2021,37:335–339.
PDF(2218 KB)
