目的 探究复合益生菌制剂（婴儿双歧杆菌R0033、两歧双歧杆菌R0071和瑞士乳杆菌R0052）对0~24月龄婴幼儿上呼吸道感染（upper respiratory tract infections, URTIs）的预防效果。方法 于2022年11月–2024年7月在全国共招募192名0~24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,采用配对、随机、对照、双盲设计,将研究对象分为干预组（n=111,复合益生菌制剂）和对照组（n=81,麦芽糊精冲剂）,干预周期为3个月。干预期间采集粪便样本进行肠道菌群检测,并利用调查问卷记录喂养情况、排便状况、生长发育指标及疾病发生情况。结果 干预组婴幼儿URTIs的总体发生率显著低于对照组（31.53% vs. 45.68%,P<0.05）,且在春季出现尤为明显的保护效果（4.46% vs. 18.52%,P<0.01）。肠道菌群分析表明,干预组乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）的丰度显著增加（LDA score>2,P<0.05）。结论 复合益生菌干预可显著降低婴幼儿URTIs发生率,改善呼吸道症状,且这一保护效果在春季尤为突出。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the preventive effect of a composite probiotic formulation (Bifidobacterium infantis R0033, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071, and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052) on upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in infants and young children aged 0-24 months. Methods From November 2022 to July 2024, 192 infants and young children aged 0-24 months nationwide were recruited. Using a paired, randomized, controlled, double-blind design, subjects were assigned to an intervention group (n=111, composite probiotic preparation) or a control group (n=81, maltodextrin preparation). The intervention period lasted 3 months. During the intervention period, fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis, and questionnaires were used to record feeding patterns, bowel movements, growth and development indicators, and disease incidence. Results The overall incidence of URTIs in infants and young children in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (31.53% vs. 45.68%, P < 0.05), with a particularly pronounced protective effect observed during spring (4.46% vs.18.52%, P<0.01). Gut microbiota analysis revealed significantly increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella genera in the intervention group (LDA score >2, P<0.05). Conclusion Combined probiotic intervention significantly reduces the incidence of URTIs in infants and young children while improving respiratory symptoms, with particularly pronounced protective effects during spring.
关键词
复合益生菌 /
上呼吸道感染 /
肠道菌群 /
婴幼儿
Key words
composite probiotics /
upper respiratory tract infections /
gut microbiota /
infant and young child
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