日常非发酵乳摄入与肠道菌群的关联：基于生态功能群的前瞻性研究

刘希; 付炯兴; 郑苇; 姜玉; 舒晓鸥; 徐望红

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营养学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 542-552.

论著

日常非发酵乳摄入与肠道菌群的关联：基于生态功能群的前瞻性研究

刘希¹, 付炯兴¹, 郑苇², 姜玉³, 舒晓鸥², 徐望红¹

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ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HABITUAL INTAKE OF NON-FERMENTED MILK AND GUT MICROBIOTA: A GUILD-BASED PROSPECTIVE STUDY

LIU Xi¹, FU Jiong-xing¹, ZHENG Wei², JIANG Yu³, SHU Xiao-ou², XU Wang-hong¹

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摘要

目的采用生态功能群（Guild）分析方法,评估非发酵乳（鲜奶和奶粉）摄入与肠道菌群组成及代谢通路的关联。方法纳入2015–2018年期间提供粪便样本的上海女性和男性健康研究参与者2380人（男性1196例,女性1184例）。根据2004–2011年随访收集的鲜奶与奶粉摄入数据,将研究对象分为未摄入和摄入组;将奶粉按蛋白质含量折算为液态奶当量,与鲜奶相加得到非发酵乳的总摄入量后,再根据摄入组的性别特异中位摄入量,将其分为低与高摄入组。基于16S rRNA V4区测序数据在OTU水平上建立的Guilds,计算并比较各摄入组肠道菌群的α和β多样性。采用PICRUSt2工具进行肠道菌群代谢通路预测,并使用MaAsLin评估非发酵乳摄入与Guilds及预测代谢通路相对丰度之间的关联。结果所有研究对象（含未摄入者）中,男、女性非发酵乳的中位摄入量分别为71.4 g/d和200 g/d;仅摄入组中,男、女性中位摄入量均为200g/d。非发酵乳摄入与肠道菌群的多样性无显著关联。男性高摄入组的Guild_4丰度(P=0.006)及女性高摄入组的Guild_5丰度均显著高于未摄入组(P = 0.009),两种差异Guilds 均由双歧杆菌属的OTUs主导。男、女性各摄入组间相对丰度有显著差异的Guilds还包括Guild_48、Guild_49、Guild_52、Guild_67和Guild_74,大多由毛螺菌科OTUs主导。非发酵乳摄入与氨基酸合成和糖酵解等代谢通路的丰度显著相关（P<0.05）。结论非发酵乳摄入与肠道菌群及代谢通路丰度之间的关联存在一定性别差异和共性;较低的摄入量仍可能促进双歧杆菌属等益生菌丰度的增加。[营养学报,2025,47（6）：542–552 ]

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the associations between consumption of non-fermented milk (fresh and powdered) and gut microbiota using a guild-based analytical approach. Methods This study included 2 380 participants (1,196 men and 1,184 women) from the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies who provided stool samples during 2015-2018. Using fresh and powdered milk intake data from validated food frequency questionnaires collected during 2004-2011, we classified participants into never- and ever-intake groups. After estimating total non-fermented milk intake by summing fresh milk and the protein-based liquid-milk equivalents of powdered milk, we further divided the ever-intake group into low- and high-intake groups using sex-specific median cut-offs. Using previously constructed guilds at the OTU level, we compared the α- and β-diversity of gut microbiota across subgroups. We employed PICRUSt2 to predict microbial metabolic pathways, and used MaAsLin to assess the associations between non-fermented milk intake and the relative abundances of guilds and related metabolic pathways. Results In all participants (non-consumers included), the overall median non-fermented milk intake was 71.4 g/d in men and 200.0 g/d in women, whereas among ever-consumers the median was 200 g/d in both sexes. No significant associations were observed between non-fermented milk and α- and β-diversity. In men;|the abundance of Guild_4 was higher in the high-intake group than in the never-intake group (P=0.006)|while in women|the abundance of Guild_5 was higher in the high-intake group (P = 0.009). Both Guild_4 and Guild_5 were dominated by OTUs annotated as the genus Bifidobacterium. Additionally|the guilds that exhibited significant differences in abundance across subgroups in both men and women were predominantly composed of members of the Lachnospiraceae family|including Guild_48|Guild_49|Guild_52|Guild_67|and Guild_74. Non-fermented milk intake was significantly associated with metabolic pathways related to amino acid synthesis and glycolysis (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate sex-specific modulations of the gut microbiota by non-fermented milk. Even modest intakes may selectively enrich beneficial taxa such as Bifidobacterium.

导出引用

刘希, 付炯兴, 郑苇, 姜玉, 舒晓鸥, 徐望红. 日常非发酵乳摄入与肠道菌群的关联：基于生态功能群的前瞻性研究[J]. 营养学报. 2025, 47(6): 542-552

LIU Xi, FU Jiong-xing, ZHENG Wei, JIANG Yu, SHU Xiao-ou, XU Wang-hong. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HABITUAL INTAKE OF NON-FERMENTED MILK AND GUT MICROBIOTA: A GUILD-BASED PROSPECTIVE STUDY[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica. 2025, 47(6): 542-552

中图分类号： R151.4+1

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