目的 探讨体重管理阶段个性化膳食营养指导对肥胖人群自主搭配的晚餐膳食结构的影响。方法 本研究依托上海市某体重管理训练营,选取于2025年2月至8月期间招募的15名男性肥胖受试者（BMI≥28）作为研究对象。研究采用自身前后对照设计,干预前应用智能膳食评估系统（SAT）完成晚餐搭配测试并收集相关膳食数据;实施为期4 w的个性化营养干预方案,包括三餐标准化膳食指导、系统化营养知识教育及规范化运动处方执行;干预结束后再次使用SAT系统进行晚餐搭配测试。分别在干预前后采集受试者人体测量学指标（包括体重、体脂率、BMI及腰臀比）及通过SAT系统自主搭配的晚餐膳食数据。结果 体重管理前后,体重、体脂率、BMI、腰臀比均下降,其差异具有统计学意义 (P<0.05) 。晚餐膳食结构方面,“畜、禽、鱼、蛋类”的食物选择摄入量显著降低 (P<0.05) ;能量及蛋白质摄入显著减少 (P<0.05) ,三大营养素占比更接近中国营养学会推荐占比;部分营养素（如磷、铁）过量摄入得到缓解,但膳食纤维和钙摄入仍不足,B族维生素摄入有所下降。结论 个性化膳食指导可提升肥胖人群科学搭配晚餐的能力,帮助其膳食模式向更合理的方向转变。
Abstract
Objective To explore how personalized nutritional guidance influences the food choices and dietary patterns of dinner in obese adults undergoing weight management. Methods The study was conducted within a weight management camp in Shanghai. Fifteen male obese adults (BMI≥28), recruited between February and August 2025, were included. A self-pre-post control design was adopted. Before the intervention, a smart dietary assessment system (SAT) was used to conduct a dinner matching test and collect baseline dietary data. A 4-week personalized nutritional intervention was then implemented, comprising standardized meal guidance, systematic nutritional education, and a structured exercise protocol. After the intervention, the SAT test was repeated. Anthropometric measurements (including weight, body fat ratio, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio) and data on the dietary structure of self-prepared dinners via the SAT system were collected before and after the intervention. Paired sample t-test was used for normally distributed data analysis Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for non-normally distributed data analysis. Results Following the weight management intervention, significant reductions were observed in weight, body fat ratio, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio (P<0.05). Regarding dietary structure, the intakes of livestock, poultry, fish, and eggs were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Energy and protein intakes also showed a significant reduction (P<0.05). The proportions were of the three macronutrients in energy contribution shifted closer to the recommendations by the Chinese Nutrition Society. However, dietary fiber intake remained inadequate. Excessive intake of certain minerals (such as phosphorus and iron) was alleviated, while inadequate dietary calcium intake persisted. The intake of B vitamins showed a decline. Conclusion Personalized dietary guidance can help of obese individuals to adequately choose foods for evening meals, and facilitate a shift towards a more rational dietary pattern. [ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2025,47（6）：553–559]
关键词
膳食指导 /
肥胖人群 /
膳食结构 /
体重管理
Key words
dietary guidance /
obese individuals /
dietary patterns /
weight management
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.32171136); 上海自然科学基金资助项目(No.19ZR1452900)
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