目的 探讨肥胖、高血压、高脂血症患者膳食脂肪酸摄入量的差异并评估其剂量-反应关系。方法 本研究采用病例对照设计,以2014–2024年“人类营养图谱计划（The Nutrition Health Atlas Project,NHAP）”研究中的6358名成年人为研究对象,基于互联网的中国居民膳食和生活方式问卷（Internet-based dietary and lifestyle questionnaire for Chinese, IDQC）收集了调查对象的基本信息、身体测量指标、健康和膳食信息等数据;采用独立样本t检验和卡方检验比较不同疾病组间膳食脂肪酸摄入量的差异,采用多因素二元逻辑回归分析了不同种类脂肪酸的摄入量与肥胖、高血压、高脂血症患病之间的关系,并使用限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline,RCS）探讨其剂量-反应关系。结果 与最低五分位数的参与者相比,最高五分位数的参与者中,丁酸和α-亚麻酸均与肥胖患病风险降低相关,而十五酸可能增加肥胖风险（OR丁酸=0.602, 95% CI：0.471~ 0.767;ORα-亚麻酸=0.777, 95% CI: 0.607~ 0.993;OR十五酸=1.767, 95% CI: 1.320~ 2.367）;花生四烯酸摄入量与高血压患病风险降低相关（OR =0.481;95% CI: 0.330~ 0.697）;RCS分析显示,丁酸与肥胖存在显著的非线性关系（P nonlinear=0.027）,花生四烯酸与高血压存在显著的非线性关系（P nonlinear=0.042）。结论 膳食中较高的丁酸与α-亚麻酸摄入是肥胖的保护因素,而较高的花生四烯酸摄入是高血压的保护因素,且其关联呈现出剂量-反应特征,而十五酸摄入可能会增加肥胖风险。
Abstract
Objective To explore the differences in dietary fatty acid intake among patients with obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia and to evaluate their dose-response relationships. Methods This case-control study enrolled 6,358 adult participants during 2014~2024 from the Nutrition Health Atlas Project (NHAP). The basic information, physical indicators, health and dietary information of the subjects were collected by the Internet-based Dietary and Lifestyle Questionnaire for Chinese Residents (IDQC). Independent sample t test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in dietary fatty acid intake between different disease groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between the intakes of different types of fatty acids and the prevalences of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore the dose-response relationship. Results Compared with participants in the lowest quintile, both butyric acid and α-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced risk of obesity among participants in the highest quintile, whereas pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) was suggestively linked to an elevated risk of obesity (ORbutyric acid=0.602, 95% CI: 0.471~0.767; ORα-linolenic acid=0.777, 95% CI: 0.607~0.993; ORC15:0=1.767, 95% CI: 1.320~2.367). Arachidonic acid intake was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension (OR =0.481, 95% CI: 0.330~0.697). The results of RCS analysis showed that there was a significant nonlinear relationship between butyrate and obesity (P nonlinear=0.027). There was a significant nonlinear relationship between arachidonic acid and hypertension (P nonlinear=0.042). Conclusion Higher dietary intake of butyric acid and α-linolenic acid are protective for obesity, while higher dietary intake of arachidonic acid is protective for hypertension in a dose-response pattern. Additionally, pentadecanoic acid may increase the risk of obesity.
关键词
肥胖 /
高血压 /
高脂血症 /
脂肪酸 /
关系
Key words
obesity /
hypertension /
hyperlipidemia /
fatty acid /
correlation
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基金
上海市科委启明星项目（No.24YF2703400）
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