应用调整的孕中期膳食平衡指数评价西南地区孕妇膳食质量

郑斐; 张宇; 高岩; 吴有维; 张刚; 刘静

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营养学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 237-245.

论著

应用调整的孕中期膳食平衡指数评价西南地区孕妇膳食质量

郑斐¹, 张宇², 高岩³, 吴有维³, 张刚⁴, 刘静³

作者信息 +

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY QUALITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA USING THE REVISED DIET BALANCE INDEX FOR THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

ZHENG Fei¹, ZHANG Yu², GAO Yan³, WU You-wei³, ZHANG Gang⁴, LIU Jing³

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的依据中国膳食平衡指数(DBI_22)建立孕中期膳食平衡指数(DBI_P_22)并评估西南地区孕中期妇女膳食质量，分析其影响因素。方法依据2022版中国居民膳食指南及DBI_22构建DBI_P_22，通过半定量食物频率问卷调查西南地区6213名孕中期孕妇，利用DBI_P_22 中负端分(LBS)、正端分(HBS)、膳食质量距(DQD)评价膳食质量，并应用多重线性回归分析膳食质量的影响因素。结果西南地区孕妇孕中期膳食状况普遍存在膳食失衡问题，摄入不足和摄入过量同时存在，膳食失衡、摄入过量和摄入不足的总体比例分别为96.21%、60.42%和83.08%；谷类、畜禽类及油盐类食物主要存在摄入过量问题，蔬菜、薯类、鱼虾类及动物血/肝脏摄入不足问题突出，奶类、蛋类、大豆及坚果类存在一定比例人群的摄入不足，食物多样性不足问题普遍存在；受教育程度与LBS和DQD评分呈显著负相关，与HBS无显著关联，家庭年收入与HBS呈非线性关系，而与LBS呈负相关。结论西南地区孕中期孕妇普遍存在膳食不均衡，摄入过量与摄入不足并存；低教育程度与低收入家庭的孕妇膳食质量相对较差。应重点关注上述人群，制定差异化孕期营养宣教及营养干预策略。

Abstract

Objective To develop a dietary balance index for the second trimester of pregnancy (DBI_P_22) based on the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI_22) and the 2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and evaluate dietary quality and its influencing factor among women in their second trimester in Southwest China. Methods The DBI_P_22 was developed based on the DBI_22 and the 2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to 6,213 pregnant women in the second trimester in Southwest China. Three measures of the DBI_P_22: lower-bound score (LBS), higher-bound score (HBS), and dietary quality distance (DQD) were used for dietary quality assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors associated with dietary quality. Results Dietary imbalance was prevalent among women in the second trimester in Southwest China, characterized by the co-occurrence of inadequate and excessive intakes. Overall, 96.21% of the participants experienced dietary imbalance, while the proportions of excessive and inadequate intakes were 60.42% and 83.08%, respectively. Excessive intake was mainly observed for cereals, livestock and poultry meat, and cooking oil and salt. Inadequate intake was pronounced for vegetables, tubers, fish and shrimp, and animal blood and liver. Suboptimal intake of milk, eggs, soybeans, and nuts was observed in a certain proportion of participants, and inadequate dietary diversity was widespread. Educational attainment was significantly and negatively associated with LBS and DQD, but showed no significant association with HBS. Household annual income exhibited a nonlinear relationship with HBS and was negatively associated with LBS. Conclusion Pregnant women in the second trimester in Southwest China commonly experience dietary imbalance, with coexisting excessive and inadequate intakes. Lower dietary quality was observed among those with lower educational attainment and lower household income. Targeted nutritional education and intervention strategies should prioritize these vulnerable populations.

导出引用

郑斐, 张宇, 高岩, 吴有维, 张刚, 刘静. 应用调整的孕中期膳食平衡指数评价西南地区孕妇膳食质量[J]. 营养学报. 2026, 48(3): 237-245

ZHENG Fei, ZHANG Yu, GAO Yan, WU You-wei, ZHANG Gang, LIU Jing. ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY QUALITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA USING THE REVISED DIET BALANCE INDEX FOR THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica. 2026, 48(3): 237-245

中图分类号： R153.1

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基金

国家重点研发计划（No.2017YFC0907304）; 四川省科技计划项目（No.2025YFHZ0326）; 成都市科技计划项目（No.2024-YF05-01282-SN）; 成都医学院联合科研基金（No.25LHSLJZ4-07）; 成都医学院研究生科研创新基金（No.YCX2025-01-21）