目的 初步探究海南地区乳母膳食摄入对母乳营养成分和婴儿体格生长发育的影响。方法 纵向招募符合纳入标准的母婴,于产后0~6月共四个阶段采集母乳样本,测定其宏量营养素含量及脂肪酸组成;通过问卷调查获取乳母及婴儿基本信息、母乳采集前24 h乳母膳食摄入情况和母乳采集当日婴儿的身长与体重;依据《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（2023）》评价乳母膳食摄入情况,通过Z值评分法评估婴儿四个阶段的生长状况,并进行相关性分析。结果 最终成功纳入41对母婴,完整采集到四个阶段的全部问卷资料与母乳样本;乳母谷薯类（≥ 419.44 g/d）和畜禽肉类（≥ 163.17 g/d）的摄入量普遍偏多,但其余类食物的摄入量相对不足;乳母膳食脂肪摄入量与母乳中脂肪及饱和脂肪酸（以C12:0、C16:0、C18:0为主）含量呈显著正相关,而与不饱和脂肪酸（以9cC18:1、C20:4 n-6、C18:3 n-3、C22:6 n-3为主）含量呈显著负相关;膳食碳水化合物摄入量与母乳乳糖含量呈显著正相关;乳母膳食蛋白质摄入量与母乳蛋白质含量呈显著负相关;母乳蛋白质和乳糖含量与婴儿的年龄别身长Z值及年龄别体重Z值呈显著负相关。结论 海南地区乳母膳食结构有待优化;乳母膳食摄入会影响母乳营养成分,进而影响婴儿的体格生长发育。
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of dietary intake of lactating mothers on human milk nutritional components and infant physical growth in Hainan. Methods Mother-infant pairs in Hainan who met the inclusion criteria were recruited longitudinally, and human milk samples were collected across the four postpartum stages of 0-6 months to determine the macronutrient contents and fatty acid composition. A questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of lactating mothers and their infants, the 24-hour maternal dietary intake before human milk collection, and the infants’ weight and length on the collection day. The dietary intake of lactating mothers was assessed in accordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022) and the Dietary Reference Intakes for Chinese Residents (2023). Evaluations of infant growth status across the four postpartum stages were conducted using the Z-score method, and correlation analysis was performed. Results A total of 41 mother-infant pairs were finally enrolled. Cereals and tubers (≥ 419.44 g/d), together with livestock and poultry meats (≥ 163.17 g/d), were adequately consumed by lactating mothers, whereas the intakes of other food categories were insufficient. The dietary fat intake by lactating mothers was significantly positively correlated with the contents of human milk fat and saturated fatty acids (mainly C12:0, C16:0 and C18:0), while it was significantly negatively correlated with the contents of unsaturated fatty acids (mainly 9cC18:1, C20:4 n-6, C18:3 n-3 and C22:6 n-3) in human milk. Dietary carbohydrate intake was significantly positively correlated with human milk lactose content. Dietary protein intake was significantly negatively correlated with human milk protein content. The contents of human milk protein and lactose were significantly negatively associated with infants’ length-for-age Z-scores and weight-for-age Z-scores. Conclusion The dietary structure of lactating women requires reasonable adjustment. Maternal dietary intake can affect the nutritional composition of human milk, infant physical growth. [ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2026,48（3）：254–260 ]
关键词
乳母膳食 /
母乳营养成分 /
婴儿体格生长发育 /
Z值评分
Key words
lactating mothers' diet /
human milk nutritional components /
infant physical growth /
Z-scores
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基金
海南省重点研发项目（No.ZDYF2023XDNY045）
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