高脂血症是心血管疾病的主要危险因素 ,现有药物治疗常伴随不良反应,亟须探索安全有效的新型干预策略。狄氏副拟杆菌（Parabacteroides distasonis）作为人类肠道核心菌群成员,可发酵益生元生成短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）、琥珀酸、十五烷酸及次级胆汁酸等多种活性代谢产物。本文系统梳理“益生元-狄氏副拟杆菌-代谢产物轴”在降脂中的研究进展。该轴的核心内涵是特定益生元被该菌选择性利用,产生代谢产物进而发挥降脂效应。依据干预范式不同,现有证据分为两类：菌株直接灌胃可降低动物血脂;益生元补充可在富集该菌的同时改善血脂。在机制层面,代谢产物通过调控肝脏脂质合成与氧化、维护肠道屏障完整性及重塑胆汁酸肠肝循环等途径发挥降脂作用。目前,完整因果链的验证及高质量人群研究仍为空白,不同菌株的功能异质性也有待深入解析。
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and current pharmacotherapies often have adverse effects, highlighting the need for safe and effective intervention strategies. Parabacteroides distasonis, a core member of the human gut microbiota, can ferment prebiotics to produce various bioactive metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, succinate, pentadecanoic acid, and secondary bile acids. This review systematically outlines the research progress regarding the “prebiotic-P. distasonis-metabolites axis” in lowering blood lipids. The core concept of this axis is that specific prebiotics are selectively utilized by P. distasonis to generate metabolites that exert lipid-lowering effects. According to different intervention paradigms, existing evidence falls into two categories: direct bacterial gavage reduces blood lipids in animals, and prebiotic supplementation enriches this bacterium while improving lipid profiles. Mechanistically, these metabolites act through multiple pathways, including regulation of hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, and remodeling of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation. Currently, validation of the complete causal chain and high-quality population studies are still lacking, and the functional heterogeneity among different strains requires further investigation.
关键词
高脂血症 /
狄氏副拟杆菌 /
代谢产物 /
益生元 /
短链脂肪酸
Key words
hyperlipidemia /
Parabacteroides distasonis /
metabolites /
prebiotics /
short-chain fatty acids
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基金
北京市自然科学基金（No.7262170）; 中国营养学会科研基金—纽崔莱植物功能成分与健康研究专项基金（No.CNS-NCL2025-55）
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