Objective To assessment the environmental characteristics of the high temperature airtight chamber and its effects on the physiological load of the workers, so as to provide the basis for intervention development for health and performance.Methods Environmental heat stress of three airtight chambers (A, B, C) was measured using the portable QUES Temp 36 thermal environment monitor. Eight workers in each chamber were selected, and their physiological states, workloads were monitored and evaluated using the heart rate meter, thermometer and fatigue degree questionnaire.Result The chamber A is the normal temperature chamber, in which the wet bulb globe temperature index(WBGT) is 22.72±1.85℃. The chamber B is the high temperature chamber in which the WBGT is 28.86±3.93℃. The chamber C is the extreme thermal chamber in which the WBGT is up to 36.50±1.39℃. For the workers in all the three chambers, the physical work intensity was at the light degree, and the fatigue was at the moderate degree. The physiological strain index (PSI) of the workers in chamber B was 2.38±0.81, which was significantly higher than that in the normal one (P<0.05).Workers' body surface temperature, core temperature and PSI in chamber C were 37.35±0.98℃,38.93±0.95℃ and 4.96±1.24 respectively, which all exceeded the tolerance limitation.Conclusion The physiological load of workers in high temperature chamber is high, which shows that the higher the ambient heat intensity is, the greater the effect of physiological load is. It is important to pay more attention for the workers in high temperature chamber to prevent from heat damage.

Objective To identify the orthologous genes of pathogenic bacterial type Ⅲ secretion system(TTSS) effector proteins in nonpathogenic bacteria, to obtain TTSS-specific effector proteins and analyze their motifs/domains, and to expand understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of bacterial TTSS effector proteins.Methods We constructed a non-pathogenic bacteria protein database and collected 49 pathogenic bacterial TTSS effector proteins from literatures, then the collected 49 TTSS effector proteins and the proteins from the non-pathogenic bacteria protein database were compared by conducting the reciprocal-best-BLAST-hits(RBH). The TTSS effector protein sequences that had no orthologous genes in nonpathogenic bacteria were TTSS-specific effector protein, and analyzed by motif /domain search using InterProScan.Results In the collected 49 TTSS effector proteins, 18 effector proteins had one or more orthologous proteins in the non-pathogenic bacteria protein database, 12 effector-protein-specific motifs/domains were identified in the remaining 31 effector protein sequences that had no orthologous proteins in nonpathogenic bacteria.Conclusion The 31 effector protein sequences that had no orthologous proteins in nonpathogenic bacteria and 12 effector-protein-specific motifs/domains s are closely related to the functions of the effector proteins, and may be used as template to search for new exotoxins by mining pathogenic bacterial genomes. The analysis of the acquired Gene Ontology (GO) items was to further expand our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of bacterial TTSS effector proteins.

Objective The study is to discover the effect of Xingcheng mineral spring bath on the serum ferritin and other related indexes and 12h lactic acid clearance rate after exercise of high performance fighter pilots, and to provide a scientific basis for pilots to relieve chronic fatigue by taking mineral spring bath.Methods A total of 67 high performance fighter pilots who participate in health recuperation was selected as subjects,and divided into observation group (45 pilots with mineral spring bath) and control group (22 pilots without mineral spring bath). The serum ferritin (FTN) and related indexes and the 12h blood lactic acid (BLA) clearance rate after exercise were measured before and after convalescence.Results The FTN〔(187.5±52.4)μg/L〕and 12h BLA clearance rate after exercise〔(79.42±16.55)%〕of pilots after convalescence in observation group were significantly increased compared to before convalescence〔(150.3±69.3)μg/L〕,〔(60.73±25.21)%〕(P<0.05,P<0.01), and higher than FTN 〔(156.2±67.7)μg/L〕 and 12h BLA clearance rate after exercise 〔(70.53±15.84)%〕 after convalescence in control group (P<0.05). The FTN and 12h BLA clearance rate after exercise had a rising trend after convalescence compared to before convalescence in control group, but it had not significantly difference (P>0.05).Conclusion Xingcheng mineral spring bath can increase the serum ferritin concentration, enhance the ability of lactic acid clearance, and may play some role in relief flight chronic fatigue timely in fighter pilots.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug sensitivity rates of mountain air microorganisms, so as to provide a basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease at Shangri-La district, Yunnan province.Methods We selected 4 mountains with sunny slope and shady slope as sampling points at Shangri-La. The air sampling was performed by plate natural sedimentation method. After culture, bacteria and fungi were isolated and identified by TREK DLAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS LTD automated microbial identification system. Susceptibility testing was conducted by K-B method .Results The total amount of microorganisms in shady slope(908.9±103.2 cfu/m²) was significantly higher than that in sunny slope(719.3±126.1 cfu/m²)(P＜0.05). Bacteria (95.4%) were the main microorganisms of the air, and Gram-negative bacteria (53.0%) were more than Gram-positive bacteria (42.4%) and fungi(4.6%). And most microorganisms were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics.Conclusion The distribution of mountain air microorganisms are mainly bacteria at Shangri-La district, and they are sensitive to commonly used antibiotics.

Objective To evaluate the water quality in small, dispersed and remote troops using comprehensive evaluation method of water source and water quality in 2013, and provide bases for guaranteeing the safe utilization of water by soldiers.Methods Water quality indexes were classified into 5 categories according to the different influences of water quality indexes on human health, and figured out the comprehensive index by means of weighted mean method, the worst factor criterion method, and N.L.Nemerow index method.Results The comprehensive indexes of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth category water quality index were 1.58, 0.10, 0.14, 1.41, and 0.71, respectively; correspondingly, it belonged to the forth-grade, top-grade, top-grade, third-grade, and second-grade level of water quality, respectively. The overall comprehensive index was 0.67, belonging to water quality of the second-grade level.Conclusion According to the comprehensive index method, the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of water in the small, dispersed and remote troop is good.

Objective To investigate the difference of the upper airway morphology and hyoid position among different sagittal skeletal patterns, so as to guide the treatment of micromaxillary deformity and airway disease.Methods Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusions (30 cases in each) were selected , scaned by CBCT, and Invivo Dental 5 software was used for three dimensional reconstruction. The anteroposterior and lateral dimensions, the cross-sectional areas, length, volume, height of airway and the position of hyoid were measured.Results The total height and length of airway ﹝ (65.83± 7.24) mm, (69.19±7.57) mm respectively﹞in class Ⅱ were greater than those﹝(61.91±7.40)mm,(65.15±6.90)mm respectively﹞in class Ⅰ(P＜0.05) and those﹝(57.75±6.85)mm,(60.14±5.88)mm respectively﹞in class Ⅲ(P＜0.01). The total volume and minimum sectional area of airway were (15.07±2.29)ml, and (171.33±42.67)mm² respectively﹞in class Ⅱ, and significantly smaller than than those in class Ⅰ﹝(16.53±1.78)ml,(223.83±61.73)mm² respectively﹞(P＜0.05)and Ⅲ﹝(25.55±2.89)ml,(300.45±64.99)mm² respectively﹞(P＜0.01). At the same time the Hy-C3Me and Hy-MP had significant differences among class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups(P＜0.01).Conclusion Differences of upper airway morphology and hyoid position are statistically significant among adults with different sagittal bones types. Hyoid position moves backward with the movement of mandibular far to next, then airway morphology changes.

without history of diabetes mellitus; myocardial infarction; stressed hyperglycemia; myocardial function; prognosis

Objective To observe the effect of Niaoduqing (NDQ) combined with compound α-keto acid (CAA) tablets on calcium (Ca)-phosphorus (P) metabolism in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods A total of 188 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during September 2013 and December 2014 were randomly divided into control group (routine therapy including maintenance hemodialysis and symptomatic treatment,n= 47),and three treatment group (drug intervention based routine therapy for 6 months, each n=47):NDQ group(5g NDQ tid),CAA group(5 tablets CAA tid),NDQ+CAA group(5g NDQ tid plus 5 tablets CAA tid).The indexes of Ca-P metabolism and serum creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and albumn(Alb) were detected before and after treatment.Results The indexes of Ca-P metabolism, Cr,BUN, and Alb had no significant change after treatment in control group (P>0.05).NDQ and CAA alone showed effects in decreasing the level of serum P,Ca-P product and PTH after treatment.Serum P and PTH decreased significantly after treatment compared to before treatment in NDQ+CAA group,and which was most effective among 4 groups.Serum Cr,BUN, Alb had no significant change after treatment in NDQ group and CAA group.The effects of decreasing BUN and increasing Alb were better in NDQ+CAA group than other three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion NDQ combined with CAA can play a role in regulating Ca-P metabolism of ESRD patients,decrease BUN,and improve nutritional status.The combination of NDQ with CAA has better effect than use alone.

Objective To assess the efficiency of tertiary general hospitals with data envelopment analysis(DEA), and to find the causes of inefficiency, so as to provide reference for policy makers. Methods DEA model was built by data from 23 tertiary general hospitals (14 grade A tertiary hospitals and 9 other tertiary hospitals) in a city.Results The average of total technical efficiency of these 23 hospitals was 0.862, and overall efficiency was high. The average of total technical efficiency of 4 of 14 grade A tertiary hospitals was 0.919, while only one other tertiary hospital was efficiency in total, and the average of total technical efficiency was 0.773. Spearman coefficient of association of total technical efficiency with average hospital stay, average diagnose and treatment numbers per doctor, average income per bed ranged from 0.649 to 0.781 (P<0.01).Conclusion Although overall efficiency of 23 tertiary general hospitals is high in a city, it has low efficiency in these hospitals. Efficiency of grade A tertiary hospitals is higher than that of other tertiary hospitals. DEA efficiency has correlation with conventional efficiency.

Objective To investigate the status of loneliness, anxiety and coping style in military university freshmen, and to explore relationship between loneliness, anxiety and coping style, so as to provide the data for mental health education in military university freshmen.Methods A cross sectional study was carried out including 674 freshmen in a military university selected by a cluster sampling method. Questionnaires including general information and UCLA loneliness scale (UCLALS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and coping style questionnaire (CSQ) were used to investigate.Results The scores of UCLALS and SAS for freshmen are 32.8±9.40 and 36.5±8.74 respectively. Scores of dimensions (problem solving, feel guilt, seeking for help, fantasy, retreat, rationalization) of coping styles were 0.85, 0.67, 0.73, 0.37, 0.41 and 0.34 respectively. The scores of UCLALS, SAS and CSQ in freshmen were correlation with many factors such as: different entrance sources, whether being a student cadre or not, whether from the one-child family or not, with different self-assessment of personality. Scores of SAS and UCLALS were positively correlated with the dimensionalities of self-accusation, fantasy, shrinking and rationalization(P＜0.01), the correlation coefficients of SAS score with the dimensionalities were 0.311, 0.367, 0.309, and 0.249 respectively, and those of UCLALS were 0.328, 0.397, 0.404, and 0.339 respectively. Scores of SAS and UCLALS were negatively correlated with the dimensionalities of problems solving, seeking help(P＜0.01), the correlation coefficients of SAS score were -0.391 and -0.302, and those of UCLALS were -0.433, and -0.413.Conclusion Although the scores of SAS and UCLALS of freshmen in military university are better than those of general population, many factors are associated with freshmen's scores of UCLALS, SAS and CSQ, more attentions should be paid to mental health status of military freshmen.

Objective To investigate prevalence, symptom severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its relations with demographic factors, trauma factors and personality factors among rescue armed polices 18 months after Wenchuan earthquake, so as to provide the evidence for working out prevention and treatment strategies for special objects.Methords A total of 782 rescue armed polices selected by random cluster sampling method were administered general information questionnaire, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale Chinese Version and Trait Anxiety Inventory to assess prevalence, symptom severity and related factors of PTSD.Results The prevalence of PTSD among rescue armed polices at 18 months after earthquake rescue was 1.7%(13/748), there was 7.9% of rescue armed polices with the symptoms of reexpericement of trauma, 3.1% with the symptoms of over vigilance, 2.1% with the symptoms of emotional bluntion and avoidance. There was significant difference in PCL-C total scores between high exposure group and low exposure group (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that age, level of exposure, family being in earthquake areas, nervosity, and anxiety trait entered equation.Conclusion The prevalence of PTSD 18 months after earthquake is relatively low among rescue armed polices, but some rescue armed polices present symptoms of PTSD. Youth, high exposure, family being in earth areas, nervosity and high anxiety trait are predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Objective To develop the the questionnaire for evaluting status and affecting factors of nursing workload and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Literature reading,brainstorming,dialectical analysis and semi-structured interviews were performed to identify items pool of the questionnaire.Two rounds of Delphi method with 18 experts were performed to develop a predict questionnaire.The questionnaire was applied to 335 nurses to carry on the project analysis and to test its reliability and validity."Boundary value method" was used in Delphi method stage.Item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,content validity,correlation analysis,internal consistency check,split-half coefficient test and retest reliability were used in preliminary investigation stage.Results A 57-item questionnaire was originally developed and 50 of them were left after Delphi consultation,then after item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,30 items remained at last.In two rounds of Delphi method,the rates of questionnaire retrieve were 100% and 90% respectively,the authoritative coefficients were 0.869 and 0.853 respectively,the coordination coefficients were 0.218 and 0.570 respectively(P<0.01).Five factors were extracted with cumulative contribution rate of 60.389% in exploratory factor analysis,the content validity was 0.855,the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.879,the split-half coefficient was 0.924 and the retest reliability was 0.821.Conclusions The questionnaire has the high authority and is proved to be reliable and valid,which can be used to assess status and affecting factors of nursing workload.

Objective To develop a performance appraisal justice scale for clinical nurses,and to test its reliability and validity,so as to provide more scientific tool for understanding the current status of nurses’ performance appraisal fairness.Methods The initial questionnaire was developed based on two-round Delphi consultation.The reliability and validity were tested among 278 clinical nurses, of whom 20 were re-tested for the test-retest reliability after 2 weeks.Results A 34-item questionnaire was originally developed and four of them were deleted after item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Five factors were extracted with cumulative contribution rate of 68.444% by principal component analysis.The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.966.The split-half coefficient was 0.902.The 2-week test-retest reliabilities was 0.941.The correlation coefficient of each dimension with the total score ranged from 0.816 to 0.924(P<0.01).Conclusions The Performance Appraisal Fairness Scale for clinical nurses is proved to be reliable and valid,which can be used to assess the performance appraisal fairness of nurses.

singleton soldiers; non-singleton soldiers; proactive personality; psychological stress