Along with changes in the social and natural environment, the mode of training and missions of the Chinese army are also changing. This paper analyzed the new trends and characteristics of major epidemic threats to Chinese army . Based on a comparison with local communities, the characteristics of and challenges to epidemic prevention and control in the military system were discussed. Finally, the four recommendations were offered as to how to improve the prevention and control of major epidemics with reference to related practices in the United States and other western countries.

Based on an exhaustive analysis of prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in armed forces in China in the new period, the current characteristics and missions of prevention and controlof pulmonary tuberculosis as well as the precipitating factors were discussed in this paper. Countermeasurs to be taken include enhancing surveillance to improve the ability of early warning, strengthening education to improve the ability of prevention and control, improving standard treatment and the follow-up rate of post-discharge, which are exected to provide reference for the prevention of epidemics of tuberculosis in the army.

In this paper, developments of surveillance networks for infectious disease pathogens in the world were introduced. Effective measures, achievements and existing problems related to the construction of pathogens surveillance networks were analyzed. To enhance surveillance and early warning of infectious disease pathogens in China's armed forces, it is of great importance to optimize network systems , adopt new IT tools, strengthen regulations and management of surveillance, and improve personnel training.

Objective To explore the relationship between biochemical indices in the blood of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) and acute mountain sickness (AMS) on simulated exposure to high altitude after endurance training of different intensities.Methods A total of 43 trained recruits were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4500 m for 8 weeks, 15 of whom were in current military drill group, 15 in aerobic endurance group, and 13 in anaerobic endurance group.Plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrin (EPI), plasma renin activity (PRA), neuropeptide Y (NPY) were measured at the end of exposure in a hypobaric chamber (4500 m,24 h). Their AMS symptoms were scored. Results (1) Plasma NE concentration decreased significantly in the three groups 24h after acute exposure to a simulated altitude of 4500 m (P<0.05), especially in the current military drill group (P<0.05) while plasma EPI concentration in the current military drill group and aerobic endurance group increased significantly (P<0.01). (2)PRA of the current military drill group and anaerobic endurance group decreased significantly (P<0.01), especially in current military drill group (P<0.01).(3) There was no statistically significant difference in NPY between the three groups after 8-week training and at a simulated altitude of 4500 m for 24 h(P>0.05).(4) The symptom score of AMS was positively related to plasma concentration of NE, PRA and NPY 8 weeks after training and to the change of NE and PRA before and after exposure(P<0.05). (5) The morbidity of AMS was 100%, and the symptom score of current military drill group was higher than that in anaerobic endurance group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in SCL-90 between the three groups(P>0.05).A significant positive correlation was found between AMS scores and SCL-90 scores in current military drill group and aerobic endurance group (P<0.05).Conclusion Functions of ANS are severely suppressed on the first day of current military drill and aerobic endurance training , which hinders acclimatization to acute exposure to high altitude. However, anaerobic endurance training can sustain the ANS function stabilization and enchance its ability of regulation, which is conducive to adaptation to acute exposure to high altitude.

Objective To analyze of the pattern of spread of the Zika virus between populations and media, and evaluateg the effect of human intervention on the epidemics .Methods A kineticmodel of infectious diseases was established, followed by numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of model parameters .Results Some factors, such as the number of infectious aedes, reproduction rate of aedes, effective contact rate were positively correlated with the number of patients. The effective contact rate was an important determinant of the severity of the epidemic..Conclusion Personal protection, environmental improvement, large-scale eradication of mosquitoes, and prevention of imported cases can help prevent and control the epidemic of the Zika fever.

Objective To explore the changes of pulmonary ventilation functions of shipboard naval personnel with acute oil-based paint poisoning and provide guidelines for labor protection of paint work in the naval vessel. Methods Nine shipboard naval personnel with acute paint poisoning hospitalized between October 2010 and October 2013 were chosen as the study group while ten healthy military personel as the control group. The clinical symptoms, biochemical indexes and effect of treatment were observed, and pulmonary ventilation functions were analyzed. Results All the nine patients in study group felt dizzy and weak, and their levels of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, creatine kinase all increased while their blood potassium, fibrinogen, arterial blood oxygen partial pressure decreased. All the patients were cured after treatment. Pulmonary ventilation function indexes returned to normal after recovery, but still lower than those in control group. The difference, however, was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion When exposed to xylene in oil-based paint in naval vessels, shipboard naval personnel is vulnerable to acute poisoning. Although the poison does not cause significant or irreversible damage to pulmonary ventilation functions, labor protection is indispensable.

Objective To investigate the factors that influence the physiological and cognitive functions in male new recruits exposed to the plateau.Methods The possible causes of change in physilogical and cognitive functions among military recruits were analyzed using research methods of epidemiological etiology.Results The duration of exposure affected reaction speed and depth perception. Recruits who had been garrisoned for 3 months at an altitude of 4400 m had poor sleep quality than recruits who started garrison. There were more red blood cells counts in recruits of 2 months at an altitude of 4300 m than in their counterpartsat an altitude of 3800 m. There was no significant difference in the anxiety self-assessment rating scale between recruits of different duration of garrison time and altitude.Conclusion The plateau environment may be a risk factor for the change of cognitive functions, polycythaemia and poor sleep quality are confounding factors, while fatigue and mood may also play a role.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of laboratory examination in patients with heat stroke(HS). Methods The laboratory data of 21 emergency patients with HS hospitalized in No.474 Hospital between July 10 and July 30, 2015 were collected and analyzed by frequency statistics. Results There were different degrees of abnormality in related laboratory results, such as plasmic electrolytes, myocardial enzymes and coagulation function. Procalcitonin and BNP were significantly abnormal in 9 patients, and 6 patients died.Conclusion The fatality rate of HS is high,so timely and accurate laboratory examination may play an important role in improving survival rate and prognosis of the disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of electromagnetic radiation on haematological and urinary parameters of electronic countermeasure troops and analyze the clinical significance. Methods A total of 151 military recruits of electronic countermeasure troops were randomly selected and divided into radiated group(n=62) and control group(n=89) according to their jobs. Questionnaires were used to find out about their ages, disease history, and smoking. Morning urine and fasting blood of the two groups were detected by urine analyzer and hematology analyzer respectivelyResluts The positive rate of urinary microalbumin(mALB) and lymph of radiated group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and military recruits in radiated group had a higher positive rate of mean platelet volume(MPV) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) than in control group. Meanwhile, the monocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, platelet hematocrit, platelet count and white blood cell count in radiated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Electromagnetic radiation may impair renal function and affect the number and composition of peripheral blood cells among military recruits of electronic countermeasure troops.

Objective To study the relationships between health promoting lifestyles and the health level of saturation divers in order to provide reference for sustainable health of saturation divers. Methods Based on investigations about health promoting lifestyles of 37 divers participating in the Navy's 300 m saturation diving, the relationships between health promoting lifestyles and the health level were analyzed. Results A total of 24 people(accounting for 64.9%)were found to meet the health requirements of divers. The total score of health promotion of the divers was negatively correlated with the BMI(r=-0.712, P＜0.01).The self-actualization score was negatively correlated with the level of triglyceride(r=-0.511, P＜0.05).The interpersonal score and score of health promoting lifestyles of the divers showed a significant negative correlation with health rating(r=-0.471, P<0.05; r=-0.578, P<0.01).Conclusion A healthy lifestyle is of vital importance for divers to remain healthy.

Objective To find out more about the multiple spontaneous symptoms, adverse factors, fatigue countermeasures of early warning aircraft (EWA) pilots and military transport aircraft (MTA) pilots so as to provide reference for aviation health services.Methods Besides talks with pilots, self-designed questionnaires about aviation health services for air force pilots during long-haul flight missions were used among 220 long-haul flight pilots to investigate theirspontaneous symptoms during flight, causes of physical discomfort, in-flight and after-flight fatigue countermeasures, and suggestions about medical servicesResults The main spontaneous symptoms during long-haul flight were drowsiness, back pain, dry mouth, dry eyes and neck pain. The major complaints of pilots were noise, vibration, long duty hours, electromagnetic radiation and diet. Fatigue countermeasures during flight included small talk, limb-exercise, alternate flight, naps, and drinking of caffeinated beverages. Post-flight fatigue countermeasures included adequate sleep, a hot water bath, physical therapy, moderate physical exercise and listening to music. During the talk, the main problems that EWA pilots listed were electromagnetic radiation protection and physical discomfort after long flight, while the main complaints of MTA pilots were the lack of rest facilities and diet support during emergency missions. Conclusion The main spontaneous symptoms during long-haul flight are drowsiness, back pain and visual fatigue, making corresponding countermeasures necessary.

Objective To investigate the new cases of tuberculosis in one military region and provide evidence for effective prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods A total of 161 new cases of tuberculosis in a military region between January 2013 and June 2014 were selected. The basic information, time of onset, clinical manifestations, treatment status, contact history, vaccination history and other information were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results Among the 161 cases, there were 157 males aged from 18 to 22, accounting for 97.5%. Most cases were sergeants or ordinary servicemen. These cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed as secondary pulmonary tuberculosis, primary pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis pleurisy, extrapulmanory tuberculosis and hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis. Before the first confirmed diagnosis, 55 patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis (34.2%). Sputum smear results of most patients were negative. Conclusion New cases of tuberculosis are mostly sergeants or ordinary servicemen,so we should focus on knowledge education about prophylaxis and treatment among the key population and enhance their awareness of health. In addition, the rate of misdiagnosis should be reduced and early diagnosis of tuberculosis is recommended.

Objective To find out about mineral and vitamin nutritional status in young soldiers in order to provide reference for measures of nutritional amelioration.Methods Four hundred and ten young soldiers were investigated. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Se was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The concentration of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C in urine was determined by vitamin 4 h load test, and their levels were evaluated.Results (1) Blood biochemical test results showed that the contentration of serum calcium (67.48?1.32 mg/L) and selenium (0.41?.25 mg/L) was lower than the normal reference value. The contentration of serum Zn and Fe was normal. (2) Vitamin 4 h load test showed that 19.27% of the soldiers were defincient in VB1, 49.27% in VB1 , 21.95% in VB2 , 63.41 % in VB2 and 31.22% in VC ..Conclusion The young soldiers are deficient in vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium and seleniumto different extents, so dietary supplement and dietary adjustment should be carried out to improve their nutritional status.

Objective To evaluate the quality of drinking water in some plateau regions of Geermu in order to help ensure the safety of drinking water for military units. Methods A total of 9 samples of drinking water from 8 military units in plateau regions of Geermu were investigated, and water hardness was observed after treatment by different methods. Results The overall quality of drinking water was good in 9 samples. However, the color of one water samples was light yellow, the hardness of seven water samples exceeded the standard limit, and the content of fluoride in 3 water samples and cadmium in 5 water samples exceeded the standard limit. The results showed that purification facilities could reduce water hardness more effectively than traditional heating methods. Conclusion In general, the drinking water for military units in plateau regions of Geermu is of good quality, but it is necessary to strengthen sanitary protection of water sources. We advise that purification facilities should be used in some military units in plateau regions of Geermu.

Objective To investigate the role of the comprehensive representation training method in improving self-efficacy and psychological health of military parade personnel, and explore the pertinence and effectiveness of comprehensive psychological intervention.Methods 1674 subjects were randomly selected from parade squads, 840 in observation group and 834 in control group. At first, both groups were treated with the same psychological intervention every week. One month before the parade, the comprehensive representation training method was applied in observation group. General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) were evaluated at the beginning of this stage and the day before the parade respectively.Results A total of 1674 valid questionnaires were collected. Self-efficacy scores were improved significantly in both groups (P<0.01), especially in the observation group (P<0.01). Except for hostile and psychotic factors, the psychological quality in observation group was better than in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with foreign norms, both groups had low scores before intervention (P<0.01) but the control group had an equivalent score with foreign norms (P>0.05) and the observation group was better.Conclusion In the training process, the comprehensive representation training method can improve the self-efficacy and psychological conditions significantly, thus contributing to the psychological quality and parade training.

Objective To quantitatively assess the mental health status of recruits and to analyze the related factors in order to provide a theoretical basis for mental health education.Methods Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) , Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ) , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Self-Esteem Scale(SES) were used to test the mental state of 421 recruits enlisted between the summer and autumn of 2013. Results Compared with recruits with siblings, recruits without siblings had higher scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsivedisorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid, psychotic, and total score of SCL-90 (P<0.05). Urban recruits had higher scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, and total score of SCL-90 than rural ones(P<0.05). The scores of problem-solving, resorting and self-esteem in recruits with a lower SCL-90 score were higher than those in recruits with a higher SCL-90, but the scores of self-blame, fantasy, avoidance, rationalization, anxiety state, trait anxiety were all lower(P<0.01). The total scores of SCL-90 and factors were negatively correlated with problem-solving, resorting and self-esteem, but were positively correlated with self-blaming, fantasy, avoidance, rationalization, anxiety state and trait anxiety(P<0.01). Anxiety state had the biggest effect on the total score of SCL-90, followed by self-blame, fantasy, trait anxiety, and rationalization .Conclusion Recruits with siblings or from rural areas have a higher level of mental health. There is statistically significant difference in CSQ, STAI and SES between recruits of different mental health status. Coping style and state-trait anxiety have a direct effect on mental health of recruits.

Objective To investigate mental health status of soldiers and the related factors. Methods Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) was used to investigate 261 guard soldiers.Results ①The scores of factors were lower than the military norm in the SCL-90 except for compulsion and hostility (P＜0.05). The scores of factors were higher than the national norm in the SCL-90 except for depression, hostility and phobia (P＜0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in SCL-90 factor scores between compulsory soldiers and sergeants(P＞0.05). ②In the analysis of relevant factors, the education level, status as an only-child and nature of the job had little effect on mental health, and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The reasons to join the army, vision of life in the army and the reality had impact on their metal health (P＜0.05). .Conclusion The level of mental health ofguard soldiers is higher than specified by the military norm, but there are still some problems. We should reinforce their mental health education with reference to the related factors.

Objective To investigate the psychological health status of mariners in different watersurface warship environments.Methods Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) scale was used to survey the psychological health status of 881 mariners from warships of type A (309), type B(342), type C(240) and the scores from three different environments were compared.Results The scores of mariners on watersurface warships were significantly lower than the norm for Chinese soldiers and there was significant difference in each factor score and total score of SCL-90 Scale(P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in any factor or total score between type A and type B (P>0.05). Except for somatization,hostility and psychoticism, there was significant difference in each factor score and total score of SCL-90 Scale between type A and type C (P<0.05). Except for somatization, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, there was significant difference in each factor score and total score of SCL-90 scale between type B and type C (P<0.05).Conclusion The mental health status of the watersurface warship mariners is good and different warship environments have important influence on the mariners' mental health. Psychological health education and psychological intervention should be strengthened to improve the psychological health of mariners in e different watersurface warships.

Objective To improve the ability of nursing students to deal with emergency incidents and provide rescue during disasters through simulation training according to the fire emergency plan.Methods Training plans for nursing interns were made more specific, nursing instructions were standardized, nursing interns were introduced to fire emergency plans, responsibilities of each intern were specified and simulation drills were organized.Results 99.9% of the nursing interns believed that the simulation drill helped to stimulate their enthusiasm for learning while increasing their knowledge of nursing. 97% of them thought that such drills were more effective than theoretical teaching or video lessons. 93.6% expressed the opinion that such drills could reduce their fear of fire and improve their awareness of natural disasters.Conclusion Implementation of contingency plans via simulation drills can effectively improve the nursing students' emergency response, mobilize their participation and initiative and improve their ability of s emergency response,disaster prevention and relief.

Objective To investigate the existing problems with transfusion records and suggest measures to improve the quality of clinical transfusion records. Methods A total of 324 transfusion records in a hospital from January 2012 to June 2013 were surveyed by a questionaire designed with hospital grade assessment rules of "blood transfusion management and continuous improvement". After each category of investigation and assessment was filled in, the final results were statistically analyzed. Results The problems with transfusion records included the use of anti-allergy drugs in 203 patients (62.7%), too wide a range transfusion indications in 63 cases(19.4%), lack of assessment of the therapeutic value in 100 patients (30.9%) after transfusion, 96 cases (29.6%) of unqualified records, 90 cases (27.8%) of incomplete discharge records, and 48 cases (14.8%) of incomplete blood transfusion consent.The main problems with the 212 records were the lack of records of transfusion treatment and nursing care,and the absence of transfusion indications.The main problem with blood component transfusion was frequent transfusion and an excessively wide range of blood indications.The rate of grade A transfusion medical records was 20.1%, 61.1% for grade B, and 18.8% for grade C. Conclusion Clinicians′ poor knowledge of transfusion indications, unreasonable use of transfusion, no assessment of blood transfusion, unqualified blood transfusion medical records and wide use of allergy medication before blood transfusion should be a concern of clinicians and quality control personnel in a hospital.

Objective To evaluate the effect of drug clinical trials on the treatment effect and cognitive behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) treated during March and December of 2014 were divided into two groups according to the patients' willingness to join the clinical trial group (study group, 75 cases) or the regular treatment group (control group, 75 cases). The study group received telephone follow-up once a week while the control group received conventional follow-up once a month. After 6 months, the changes of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hPG, weight and diabetes cognitive behavior were observed. Results After intervention, HbA1c, FPG and 2hPG in the two groups were all decreased, while the diabetes knowledge score and weekly exercise amount were increased, but the amount of cigarette smoking and weight significantly decreased.All the indicators in the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion Patients with diabetes mellitus participating in clinical trials can improve their level of knowledge, promote the change of life behavior, strengthen the self-management ability, which can help manage theirblood glucose and HbA1c standard.

Objective To evaluate the role of intermittent subcutaneous insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous injection, and insulin pumps in the treatment of perioperative gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in order to ensure effective and safe use of insulin. Methods A total of 120 GDM patients undergoing cesarean section between May 2012 and January 2015 were randomly selected as subjects. According to use methods of insulin, 35 cases were regarded as group A (subcutaneous injection), 42 cases as group B (pure continuous insulin pump injection), 43 as group C (continuous subcutaneous injection combined with the insulin pump). Survival analysis was used to study the effect of the three methods of insulin injection on blood glucose, insulin dosage, operation time, blood loss, low blood glucose reaction, incision healing, hospital stay, and neonatal adverse outcomes. Results The results showed that continuous subcutaneous injection combined with an insulin pump decreased blood glucose levels, insulin dosage, incidence of hypoglycemia and length of hospital stay , these indexes were all lower than those of group A and group B, and that incision healing was better than that of group A and B(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the neonatal adverse outcome, operation time and surgical blood loss between the three groups (P>0.05). Survival analysis showed that the fasting blood glucose was better controlled in group C and group B than in group A, and that blood glucose after a meal, insulin dosage, and hospital stay in group C were lower or shorter than in group A and group B. Conclusion The combination of continuous insulin pumps with subcutaneous injection is a more effective treatment of perioperative GDM than theinsulin pump alone or subcutaneous injection of insulin, for it can reduce the dosage of insulin and blood glucose reactions.

Objective To observe the prevalence of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D in general populations and in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA). Methods A total of 90 patients with primary knee OA were studied from Tongchuan Mining Central Hospital, while another 108 healthy people were used as controls. Bone mineral density was observed by DXA, and serum vitamin D was detected. The relation between BMD, vitamin D3 and primary OA was observed. Results BMD was significantly correlated with primary OA andthe level of serum vitamin D3 with osteoarthritis(P<0.05). While the age of patients was significantly correlated with both BMD and knee OA, the level o serum vitamin D3 was not related to age(P>0.05), but significantly related to gender and BMD(P<0.01). Conclusion Osteoporosis is prevalent both in general populations and patients with knee osteoarthritis. The morbidity of hypovitaminosis D3 is high in OA patients and is related to BMD.

Objective To study the effect of mean platelet counts on clinical efficacy of septicopyemia caused by urinary tract calculi obstruction. Methods A total of 56 patients with epticopyemia caused by urinary tract calculi obstruction between January 2012 and January 2015 were selected and divided into study group (PLT＜50×10⁹/L, n=34) and control group (PLT≥50×10⁹/L, n=22). All the patients received retrograde insertion of a double J tube for drainage or transcutaneous nephrocentesis. PLT, WBC, MAP, Lac, PaO₂, APACHEⅡ, and SOFA in the two groups were observed before and after treatment. Results After treatment, PLT, WBC, MAP, Lac, PaO₂, APACHEⅡ, and SOFA in both groups were all improved (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion Abnormal PLT is not an absolute contraindication for surgery of septicopyemia caused by urinary tract calculi obstruction. Adequate preoperative assessment and positive support of circulation dynamics may improve the clinical efficacy.

Objective To explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in pneumonia children with sepsis. Methods A total of 80 pneumonia children with sepsis were divided into severe sepsis group (group A, n=30), sepsis group (group B, n=50), and another common pneumonia group (group C, n=60). Twenty-four hours after admission, the pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) was evaluated, serum PCT was detected by double antibodies sandiwich immuno-ELISA, the PCT and PCIS were compared between the three groups, the correlation of which was analyzed. All the patients were again divided into survival group (n=67) and death group(n=13) according to prognosis. The predictive value of PCT_{24 h},PCT_{72 h} and PCT_{(72 h-24 h)/24 h} for death rate within 21 days was analyzed by ROC. Results The serum PCT of group A, B and C after admission decreased gradually, but PCIS increased gradually(P<0.05). There was negative correlation between PCT and PCIS(r=-0.625, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PCT_24h between survival group and death group(P>0.05), but there was significant difference in PCT_72h and PCT_{(72h-24h)/24h} (P<0.05).When PCT_24h was above8.79 ng/ml, PCT_72h above9.36 ng/ml,and PCT_{(72h-24h)/24h}was below30.00%, the sensibility was e high when predicting the death of children within 21 d. Conclusion PCT and PCIS have a significant correlation and dynamic monitoring of PCT can facilitate prognosis of pneumonia children with sepsis.

Objective To explore the effect of entecavir on immunologic functions of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Totally 231 patients with chronic hepatitis B were selected and randomly divided into observation group (116 cases) and control group (115 cases). Routine liver-protecting treatment was given to control group, and observation group was added with entecavir. The level of HBV-DNA, liver function indexes and change of immunologic functions were observed.Results After treatment, the level of HBV-DNA was lower and the improvement of liver function indexes were better in observation group than those in control group, and there was statistically significant difference (P＜0.05). The level of CD4+T cells and their ratio to CD8+T cells were significantly increased, the percentage of CD5+CD19+ B cells was obviously decreased, and the level of C3, C4 was significantly increased in observation group after treatment. Conclusion with control group, the difference was of statistical significance (P＜0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions in either group.Conclusion Entecavir, which is safe for chronic hepatitis B, can reduce the expression of HBV DNA , improve the liver functions and immunological functions.

Objective To investigate the effect of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin (OPN) on lymph node metastasis in patients with bladder cancer. Methods A total of 29 bladder cancer patients treated by radical cystectomy between January 2012 and January 2015 were enrolled, including 14 cases of lymph node metastasis and 15 cases of non-lymph node metastasis. Thirty healthy people were enrolled as control group. Serum VEGF and OPN and urine tumor markers were detected. Results VEGF, OPN, nuclear matrix protein22 (NMP22), CYFR21-1 and BTA in bladder cancer patients were all higher than those in control group (P<0.05). All the indicators in patients with lymph node metastasis were higher than those in patients without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). VEGF was significantly and positively correlated with NMP22, CYFR21-1 and bladder tumor antigen (BTA) (P<0.05),while OPN was significantly and positively correlated with NMP22 (P<0.05) . Conclusion Elevated levels of VEGF and OPN are important factors leading to bladder cancer lymph node metastasis. The process is closely related to the increase of urine tumor markers.

Objective To explore the effect of specific chemotherapy on P63 and P-glycoprotein expression in malignant trophoblastic tumor and its efficacy. Methods A total of 88 patients with malignant trophoblastic tumor were randomly and equally divided into observation group and control group and another 44 cases were selected for physical examination as healthy group. The observation group received specific chemotherapy, while control group received mono-chemotherapy. The expression of P63 and P-glycoprotein before and after treatment in two groups was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the efficacy was compared. Results The positive rates of P63 and P-glycoprotein expression in observation group and control group before treatment were higher than those in healthy group(P<0.05), the positive rate of P63 expression in observation group after treatment was lower than that in control group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the positive rate of P-glycoprotein expression between observation group and control group(P>0.05). The total efficacy of observation group was higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Specific chemotherapy could reduce P63 expression in patients with malignant trophoblastic tumor, but has no significant effect on P-glycoprotein expression and its efficacy is significant.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive surgical treatment of acute spinal trauma.Methods 124 cases of acute spinal trauma admitted in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as subjects. These patients were treated with X-ray, CT and MRI before they wererandomly divided into control group and study group(62 cases in each group). Patients in control group were treated with conventional open surgery while those in study group were treated with minimally invasive surgery.Results Usinge X-ray, CT and MRI, each case of spinal cord injury was detected, and the detection rate was as high as 100%. Patients in study group were significantly better than control group in terms of efficacy, statistical data, the incision infection rate and complication rate. The difference between the two groups was of statistical significance (P＜0.05)..Conclusion The combined application of X-ray, CT and MRI is of great significance for the diagnosis of acute spinal trauma. Minimally invasive surgery can cause less damage to patients, shorten postoperative hospital stay, and reduce the incidence of complications.

Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in DNA sequences and are sufficiently powerful to regulate the dynamics of gene expression. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA regulation. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in the biological growth, development and the etiology of disease. Quercetin, a natural pytochemical, is widely present in fruits and vegetables. Increasing reasearch has indicated that quercetin has very important effects on epigenics. In the present paper, the progress of quercetin in gene methylation, histone acetylation, microRNA aberrant expressions was summarized, and a new mechanism of quercetin in epigenetics was introduced.

Objective To discuss the characteristics of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in winter among groups of military academy recruits in order to facilitate disease prevention.Methods Recruits at a military academy were chosen as objects of continuous surveillance between 2012 and 2016. Statistical analysis was conducted of the incidence and pattern of infections of the respiratory tract among these recruits.Results A total of 7172 people were under surveillance. There were 781 cases of fever, tonsillitis and other upper respiratory tract infections , accounting for 10.89% of the total. There were 63 cases of lung infection, accounting for 0.88%. Etiological detection discovered 170 cases of fever, tonsillitis and other infections of the upper respiratory tract in 2016. Causative pathogens were detected in 61 cases, accounting for 35.9%, influenza B virus was detected in 42 cases, accounting for 68.85%, adenovirus infection was detected in 9 cases,accounting for 14.75%, mixed infection was detected in 7 cases,accounting for 11.48% and influenza virus was detected in 3 cases, accounting for 4.92%..Conclusion There is something special about military academy recruits in North China that deserves attention. Enhanced health education, active communication and precautions are the key to prevention of respiratory infections in winter.

With the common problems with teaching to international medical students in mind, this paper summarized our experience related to teaching of theories. We expect communication with our colleagues for the sake of qualified personnel training in medical sciences.

To statistic Chinese medical journal articles from 2012 to 2016 using the CNKI database, analyzing the number of articles, word frequency distribution, fund-sponsored papers, Total Cites, and download frequency, in order to reveal the present situation and developing trend of this subject in the past 5 years in China, To provide reference for the determination of research direction.