目的 探究不同饮用水对高脂饮食条件下大鼠脂质代谢紊乱和肝损伤的影响。方法 实验用水为溶解性总固体（TDS）和镁含量明显不同的自来水、纯净水、天然矿泉水1、天然矿泉水2。25只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,分组及干预如下：对照组（TN）饲喂自来水+基础饲料,自来水组（TW）饲喂自来水+高脂饲料,纯净水组（PW）饲喂纯净水+高脂饲料,天然矿泉水1组（VW）饲喂天然矿泉水1+高脂饲料,天然矿泉水2组（SW）饲喂天然矿泉水2+高脂饲料。每日记录大鼠饮水量及摄食量,每周称重1次,20 w后收集大鼠血液和肝脏标本,测定大鼠肝脏重量和肝脏指数,检测血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）和谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）,以及肝脏丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GPH-Px）活性,观察肝脏切片病理变化。结果 饮水干预20 w后,与PW组大鼠相比,VW组和SW组大鼠体重增长显著减缓,VW组和SW组肝脏重量和肝脏指数显著下降。SW组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低,而血清HDL-C水平显著升高,VW组和SW组大鼠的血清ALT和AST水平显著降低,VW组和SW组肝脏MDA水平显著下降,SW组肝脏抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和GPH-Px水平显著升高,VW组肝脏抗氧化酶GPH-Px水平显著升高,VW组和SW组大鼠肝脏脂滴沉积出现不同程度减少。结论 天然矿泉水在不同程度上减轻高脂饮食所致的肝脏重量、肝脏指数和体重的异常增长,改善血脂参数异常变化,减轻高脂饮食造成的肝脏脂肪变性,提高抗氧化功能。相比于低镁天然矿泉水,高镁天然矿泉水在调节血脂代谢、增强抗氧化酶活性方面表现更为突出。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of different types of drinking water on lipid metabolism and liver damage in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods The experimental waters, varying in total dissolved solids (TDS) and magnesium content, included tap water, purified water, and two types of natural mineral water. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with the following interventions: the control group (TN) received tap water and basic feed, while the other groups were fed a high-fat diet combined with different types of water-tap water (TW), purified water (PW), natural mineral water 1 (VW) and natural mineral water 2 (SW). Daily water and food intakes were monitored, and body weight was measured weekly. After 20 weeks, blood and liver samples were collected. Liver weights, liver index, and serum biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPH-Px) were also evaluated, along with histological examination of liver sections. Results It was found that the groups given natural mineral water 1 (VW) and natural mineral water 2 (SW) displayed a better health status compared to the purified water group (PW). The VW and SW groups showed significantly lower body weight and liver weight compared to the PW group. These groups also had lower liver index and serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol, but higher HDL-cholesterol levels compared to the PW group. The serum ALT levels in the VW and SW groups, respectively, significantly lower than those in the PW group. Notably, the SW group exhibited lower MDA level and higher antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) compared to the PW group. The VW group also showed a significant decreased MDA level and an increased GSH-Px level compared to the PW group. Additionally, both VW and SW groups demonstrated a reduction in hepatic lipid droplet accumulation. Conclusion Natural mineral water helps reduce liver weight, liver index, and body weight increases caused by a high-fat diet, improves blood lipid levels, lessens hepatic steatosis, and enhances antioxidative capacity. Natural mineral water with higher magnesium content is particularly effective in regulating blood lipids and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
关键词
饮用水 /
脂质血症 /
血脂代谢 /
抗氧化
Key words
drinking water /
hyperlipidemia /
lipid metabolism /
antioxidation
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