水是膳食的重要组成部分,具有多种生理功能,调查和分析居民饮水行为,指导和促进居民足量饮水,对于维持健康有重要意义。调查居民饮水行为包括饮水量、饮水类型等相关信息,需要准确、可靠的调查方法和工具。经过文献检索、专家意见咨询研制出“7 d 24 h饮水调查问卷”。对该问卷进行的检验表明,问卷具有很好的信效度。该问卷是开放式问题和封闭式问题相结合的半结构式问卷,包括标题、前言、填表说明、调查对象的背景资料、问卷主体内容、检查督导和审查签字栏和结尾致谢等结构。其中,问卷的主体内容包括饮水量、饮水类型、饮水时间、饮水地点、饮水渴觉、饮水温度六大维度和相应的子维度,问卷中还规定了操作性定义。问卷的使用采用自填的方式进行,在填写过程中可以结合量具、《常见饮料量表》的方法调查连续7 d内饮水和饮料摄入量。目前,国际上通用的,是回顾性饮水问卷法、1~7 d 24 h饮水记录法等;但一直以来,我国没有形成标准化、准确、可靠的调查问卷方法,而制定标准、规范且准确的饮水调查问卷与方法至关重要。为此,本文就7d 24 h饮水调查问卷的研制、验证及应用进行了介绍,以期为今后的推广使用提供技术支持。
Abstract
Water is an important part of diet, and has a variety of physiological functions. It is of great significance to investigate residents’ water intake behaviors, and to guide and promote residents to consume adequate amount of water to maintain health. Accurate and reliable questionnaire is needed to investigate residents' water intake behaviors, including information on the amount and types of water intake. The 7-day 24-hour water intake questionnaire was developed based on literature retrieval and expert consultation. The verification of the questionnaire showed that the questionnaire had good reliability and validity. This questionnaire is a semi-structured questionnaire that combines open-ended and closed-ended questions, including the title, preface, filling instructions, background information of the study subjects, the main content of the questionnaire, the inspection supervision and review signature, and the closing acknowledgements and other items. The main content of the questionnaire includes six dimensions of water intake, type of water intake, time of water intake, place of water intake, thirst feeling and water temperature, and the corresponding sub-dimensions. The questionnaire also provides operational definitions. The questionnaire is self-admistrated, and the water consumption and beverages intake in seven consecutive days could be investigated by combining the methods of measuring tools and “Common Beverage Scale”. At present, China has not yet formed a standardized, accurate, and reliable questionnaire, and the development of this questionnaire is very crucial. Therefore, we introduce the development, validation, and application of a 7-day 24-hour water intake questionnaire, in order to provide technical support for future promotion and application.
关键词
饮水 /
调查问卷 /
结构 /
维度
Key words
water intake /
questionnaire /
structure /
dimension
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基金
中国营养学会DRIs修订专项基金,国家自然科学基金项目（No.81673146）
