目的 调查广西汉族和少数民族地区成人膳食碘摄入与碘营养状况,为科学补碘防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法 根据民族分布和地理位置,采用横断面研究方法,在广西选择5个县（市、区)共679名成人,入户开展问卷调查,采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾法调查膳食摄入情况、称重法调查食用油和调味品消费情况,采集其饮用水、食盐和随机中段尿样分别检测水碘、盐碘和尿碘含量。结果 广西总体水碘中位数为4.0 μg/L;人群家中食用盐盐碘中位数为25.3 mg/kg,汉族和少数民族人群分别为23.2、25.7 mg/kg,差异有统计学意义（Z=–8.088,P=0.000)。人群尿碘中位数（median urinary iodine concentration,MUI)为183.7 μg/L,汉族和少数民族人群MUI分别为199.3、177.5 μg/L,差异有统计学意义（Z=–2.205,P=0.027);人均食盐摄入量为（6.4±5.0)g/d,汉族和少数民族摄入量分别为（5.6±2.9)、（6.6±5.3)g/d,差异有统计学意义（t=–2.825,P=0.005);人群膳食碘摄入量中位数为144.5 μg/d,汉族和少数民族膳食碘摄入量中位数分别为151.9、140.0 μg/d,差异无统计学意义;食物碘摄入量为25.0 μg/d,贡献率为22.4%,饮水碘摄入量为5.0 μg/d,贡献率为5.1%,食盐碘摄入量为103.2 μg/d,贡献率为72.5%;不同民族食物和饮水碘摄入量差异有统计学意义（Z_食物=–15.035,P_食物=0.000;Z_饮水=–6.715,P_饮水=0.000);膳食碘摄入量低于平均需要量（estimated average requirement,EAR)的比例为14.5%,处于平均需要量和推荐摄入量（recommended nutrient intake,RNI)之间的人群比例为20.6%,介于推荐摄入量和可耐受最高摄入量（tolerable upper intake level,UL之间的人群比例为63.6%,而≥UL的比例仅为1.3%,不同民族人群膳食碘摄入量分布差异有统计学意义（χ²=19.888,P=0.000)。结论 广西成人总体上碘摄入量和碘营养均处于适宜水平,碘盐仍是缺碘地区最主要的膳食碘来源。应持续开展人群碘营养监测,适时调整食盐加碘量以保证全民适宜碘营养水平。

Objective To investigate the dietary iodine intake and iodine nutrition status among adults in Han and ethnic minority areas of Guangxi, and to provide a basis for preventing iodine deficiency diseases. Methods Based on ethnic distribution and geographical location, a cross-sectional study method was used to select a total of 679 adults from 5 counties in Guangxi. A household survey was conducted using a 3-day 24-hour dietary review method to investigate dietary intake, and a weighing method to investigate consumption of edible oils and seasonings. Drinking water, salt and random urine samples were collected to detect water iodine, salt iodine and urine iodine levels, respectively. Results The median values of water iodine in Guangxi was 4.0 μg/L. The median of salt iodine was 25.3 mg/kg. The median salt iodine consumption for the Han and minority populations were 23.2 and 25.7 mg/kg, respectively. The difference was statistically significant（Z=–8.088,P=0.000）. The median urinary iodine was 183.7 μg/L. The MUI of the Han and minority populations were 199.3 and 177.5 μg/L, respectively. The difference was statistically significant（Z=–2.205,P=0.027）. The per capita salt intake was（6.4±5.0）g/d, which were（5.6±2.9）and（6.6±5.3）g/d in the Han and minority populations. The difference was statistically significant（t=–2.825, P=0.005）.The median of dietary iodine intake was 144.5 µg/d, which were 151.9 μg/d and 140.0 μg/d in the Han and minority populations. There was no significant difference between them. Food iodine intake was 25.0 µg/d, and contribution rate was 22.4%. Water iodine intake was 5.0 µg/d, and contribution rate was 5.1%. Salt iodine intake was 103.2µg/d, and contribution rate was 72.5 %. There was a significant difference in iodine intake from food and water among different ethnic groups（Z food=–15.035, P food=0.000; Z water=–6.715, P water=0.000）. Of the dietary iodine intake, 14.5% of the participants in this study were less than EAR, 20.6% between EAR and RNI, 63.6% between RNI and UL, and 1.3% higher than UL. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of dietary iodine intake among different ethnic groups（χ²=19.888,P=0.000）. Conclusion The iodine intake and iodine nutrition of adults in Guangxi are at an appropriate level, and iodized salt remains the main dietary source of iodine in iodine deficient areas. Population iodine nutrition monitoring should be continuously conduction, and the amount of iodized salt should be adjusted at appropriate times to ensure a suitable iodine nutrition level for the entire population.