目的 本研究旨在分析北京市中小学生营养素养与食物选择之间的相关性。方法 于2020 年 9 月~2021年 1月,在北京市16区中小学校中采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取10000名学生作为调查对象,采用“学龄儿童营养素养问卷”收集营养素养信息,采用“食物频率问卷”收集学生在过去一周内摄入的食物种类及频次。营养素养和食物选择行为均采用赋分法,营养素养总分折算为百分制,以≥80 分定义为“具备营养素养”;以是否具有营养素养分组,采用t检验比较食物选择行为评分;采用卡方检验比较各类食物摄入频率,并以食物选择行为得分为因变量进行多元线性回归分析。结果 3~12 年级学生11.7%具备营养素养;具备营养素养者,每天吃早餐、粗杂粮、水果、蔬菜、深色蔬菜、奶制品、豆制品的比例分别为93.8%、44.8%、82.4%、89.0%、67.0%、66.6%、21.5%,每周至少吃一次菌藻类、水产品、动物肝脏的比例分别为88.0%、80.7%和41.9%,均高于不具备营养素养者;每周至少吃一次含糖饮料、油炸食品、西式快餐的比例分别为53.6%、48.5%和40.0%,低于不具备营养素养者（P值均<0.05）;多元线性回归显示,食物选择综合得分与具备营养素养正相关（β=0.277,P<0.001）。结论 本调查对象营养素养水平较低,营养素养较高者,食物选择更健康。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the correlation between nutrition literacy and food choice among elementary and middle school students in Beijing．MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method among 10000 students from 16 districts of Beijing. The "Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for School-age Children" was used to collect information on nutrition literacy and "Food Frequency Questionnaire" was filled out to collect information on food intake. Both nutrition literacy and dietary behavior were scored, with the total score of nutrition literacy converted to a percentage. The students who scored more than 80 were defined as having nutrition literacy and were divided into two groups based on their nutrition literacy. The t-test was used to compare their dietary behavior scores, while chi-square test was used to compare the frequencies of various food intake. A multiple linear regression analysis with the eating behavior score as the dependent variable was conducted. Results For students in grades 3-12, only 11.7% had nutrition literacy. In terms of daily food intake, individuals with nutrition literacy had higher proportions of consuming breakfast daily, coarse grains, fruits, vegetables, dark-colored vegetables, dairy products, and soy products at rates of 93.8%, 44.8%, 82.4%, 89.0%, 67.0%, 66.6%, and 21.5% respectively. They also consumed mushrooms or algae, seafood, and animal livers at least once a week at rates of 88.0%, 80.7%, and 41.9% respectively, all of which were higher than those without nutrition literacy. Conversely, the proportions of consuming sugar-sweetened beverage, fried food and western fast food at least once a week were lower among individuals with nutrition literacy at 53.6%, 48.5%, and 40.0% respectively (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the dietary behavior score was positively correlated with nutrition literacy (β=0.277,P<0.001). Conclusion The nutrition literacy levels of the surveyed students were relatively low, and those with higher levels of nutrition literacy usually chose foods in a healthier way.
关键词
中小学生 /
营养素养 /
食物频率 /
北京市
Key words
elementary and middle school students /
nutrition literacy /
food frequency /
Beijing
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基金
联合国儿童基金会项目（No.2300096295）：人群营养素养测量工具的建立及评价
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