目的 观察一种复合磷虾油营养制剂对冷暴露小鼠运动能力的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法 （1）急性冷暴露试验：8 w龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠按照体重随机分为溶剂对照组(Con)和复合磷虾油营养制剂组(Kon),每组12只,Con组每天灌胃玉米油,Kon组每天灌胃复合磷虾油营养制剂,连续灌胃14 d;实验第14 d测定小鼠的四肢抓力;随后,将Con和Kon组小鼠置于-10℃低温模拟舱中的小动物跑步机中,记录小鼠的跑台力竭时间;测定跑步前后小鼠尾尖血中的乳酸浓度。（2）慢性冷暴露试验：8 w龄雄性C57小鼠按照体重随机分为常温对照组(RT_Con)、低温对照组(Co_Con)、低温复合磷虾油营养制剂组(Co_Kon),每组10~11只,RT_Con组在常温条件下饲养,Co_Con组和Co_Kon组在4℃低温模拟舱中饲养。RT_Con和Co_Con组每日灌胃玉米油,Co_Kon组每日灌胃复合磷虾油营养制剂,连续灌胃14 d;实验期间测小鼠摄食、摄水、体重、肛温以及四肢抓力;实验14 d后取血和分离肩胛棕色脂肪组织,通过HE染色观察棕色脂肪细胞脂滴含量变化,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)和蛋白印迹(Western blot)法测定棕色脂肪中G蛋白偶联受体120（G-protein coupled receptor,GPR120）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅助激活因子1α（peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, PGC-1α）及解偶联蛋白1（uncoupling protein 1,UCP1）等相关指标。结果 复合磷虾油营养制剂干预可显著增加低温环境下小鼠的跑台力竭时间以及四肢最大抓力(P<0.05),乳酸堆积速率显著降低(P<0.05),棕色脂肪重量和脂肪细胞脂滴消耗水平显著增加,核心温度水平增加,且棕色脂肪内的GPR120、p38 MAPK、PGC-1α及UCP1蛋白水平显著增高(P<0.05)。结论 复合磷虾油营养制剂有效诱导冷暴露小鼠棕色脂肪生成及增强GPR120、p38 AMPK、PGC-1α、UCP1蛋白表达,促进棕色脂肪产热,从而提高小鼠运动能力。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of a compound krill oil nutritional preparation on exercise capacity in cold-exposed mice and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods (1) Acute cold exposure test: Eight-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into a solvent control group (Con) and a compound krill oil nutritional preparation group (Kon) based on body weight, with 12 mice per group. The Con group was gavaged daily with corn oil, while the Kon group received the compound krill oil nutritional preparation daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, the forelimb and hindlimb grip strength was measured using a LAT-ZL grip strength meter. Subsequently, all mice were placed on a treadmill inside a -10°C low-temperature simulation chamber, and the time to exhaustion was recorded. Blood lactate levels from the tail tip were measured before and after running using an EKF lactate analyzer. (2) Chronic cold exposure test: Eight-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into a room temperature control group (RT_Con), a cold control group (Co_Con), and a cold plus compound krill oil nutritional preparation group (Co_Kon) based on body weight, with 10-11 mice per group. The RT_Con group was chamber. The RT_Con and Co_Con groups were gavaged daily with corn oil, and the Co_Kon group received the compound krill oil nutritional preparation daily for 14 consecutive days. During the experiment, food and water intakes, body weight, rectal temperature, and grip strength were monitored. After 14 days of experimentation, blood samples were collected via orbital enucleation, and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) was isolated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe lipid droplet area in brown adipocytes. The protein expression levels of GPR120, p38 MAPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 in BAT were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Results Administration of the compound krill oil nutritional preparation significantly increased the maximum and relative grip strength under the cold condition. Compared to the Con group, the Kon group exhibited a longer time to exhaustion in the cold condition (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower rate of lactate accumulation (P<0.05). The Co_Kon group showed a significant increase in BAT weight and lipid droplet depletion in adipocytes and the core temperature following cold exposure was elevated. The protein levels of GPR120, p38 MAPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 in BAT were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion The compound krill oil nutritional preparation effectively enhances BAT generation and increases the expressions of GPR120, p38 MAPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 proteins, leading to improved exercise capacity in cold-exposed mice.
关键词
冷暴露 /
磷虾油 /
运动能力 /
棕色脂肪 /
小鼠
Key words
cold exposure /
krill oil /
exercise capacity /
brown adipose tissue /
mice
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