低氧对机体认知功能的影响主要表现为注意力下降、学习记忆能力降低,相关机制涉及氧化应激、血脑屏障通透性降低、钙稳态失调及能量代谢紊乱等几个方面。近年来,大量研究表明,多种植物化学物,如黄酮类（槲皮素、儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等）、萜类成分（银杏内酯、西红花苷）以及植物多糖（黄芪多糖、枸杞多糖）,可通过抗氧化、抗炎、调节线粒体功能和改善能量代谢等多种途径,显著改善低氧诱导的认知功能损伤并发挥神经保护作用,可望作为一种低氧致认知损伤潜在的干预手段。本文重点阐述低氧致机体认知功能损伤的机制,并总结具有改善低氧致认知功能损伤作用的代表性植物化学物干预作用研究进展,为相关功能食品及干预策略的开发提供理论依据。
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment is mainly manifested by declines in attention as well as learning and memory abilities. The underlying mechanisms primarily involve oxidative stress, alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and disturbances in energy metabolism. In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that various phytochemicals, including flavonoids (quercetin, catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate), terpenoids (ginkgolides and crocin), and polysaccharides (Astragalus polysaccharides and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides), can significantly alleviate hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction and exert neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, regulation of mitochondrial function, and improvement of energy metabolism. These phytochemicals are therefore considered promising in the interventions of hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction and summarizes recent advances in the effects of representative phytochemicals on hypoxia-related cognitive impairment, providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods and intervention strategies.
关键词
低氧环境 /
认知功能 /
神经保护 /
植物化学物
Key words
hypoxic environment /
cognitive function /
neuroprotection /
phytochemicals
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