Objective To assess the status of disability and dementia among elders in China with their instrumental activities and cognitive ability and studied the current situation of the long-term care services that they received, in order to provide basis for developing a long-term care system in our country.Methods Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) as source data, KATZ Scale and MMSE Scale were adopted to assess the status of the disabled and demented elder populace. Descriptive analysis was performed by SPSS19.0 and the long-term care needs of the disabled and demented elders were analyzed. Results The disability rates of 65~79 years old, 80~89 years old, 90~99 years old, and above 100 years old elders were 5.5%, 15.6%, 34.1%, and 51.7% respectively, the dementia rates were 4.8%, 17.1%, 36.3%, and 56.6% respectively. After adding weights to the data using 2010 Chinese population census data, the results was calculated. In urban area, the disability rates of male and female elders was 10.5% and 11.2%; in sub-urban area, male 7.5% and female 8.1%; in rural area, male 5.2% and female 8.0%. In urban area, the dementia rates of male and female elders was 7.4% and 7.1%; in sub-urban area, male 4.2% and female 7.9%; in rural area, male 6.1% and female 10.8%. The family care could no longer be sufficient to meet the elders' needs with the continuous deepening of disability or dementia of the elder in some families. However, being in the low-income group, elders could not afford the high costs of care taking from social services.Conclusion It is not rare to see disability or dementia among elders, especially senior elders. With the continuous weakening of the family care, it is very crucial to build a better social long-term care system for the disabled and demented elders at state and government levels.

Objective To observe the effect of safflower meal extract on serum Lipid levels in rats with diabetes and provide experimental data for clinical therapy of Ⅱdiabetic mellitus.Methods The SD rats were fed on a diet enriched in fat and glucose to induce insulin resistant. 30 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia to establish T2DM. The experimental rats were divided into normal control group,model group,safflower meal extract (40mg/kg、80mg/kg、160mg/kg) exposure groups and Xuezhikang treat group(1g/kg) by intragastric administration. After 4 weeks,the rats were sacrificed. We detected serum lipids (TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C) and calculated atherosclerosis index.Results The Safflower meal extract reduced the levels of TC,TG, LDL-C and atherosclerosis index of rats with diabetes mellitus. The content of HDL-C in exposure groups were significantly higher than that of the model group,Conclusion The safflower meal extract had apparente effects on decreasing serum lipid 1evels of rats with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic trends of respiratory infectious diseases in a military command in order to provide reference and guidance for epidemic prevention and control.Methods Surveillance data from 2014.10 to 2015.04 were collected from the surveillance platform for pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases , and were descriptively analyzed by Excel2007.Results 281 cases of positive samples were found in 1518 cases of samples. The positive rate was18.51%. The amount of sample collection and positive rate across the military command kept rising from October to December, but decreased from January to March. The majority of positive samples were influenza A (88.61%), adenovirus (8.19%) and influenza B virus (3.20%).Conclusion The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in winter and spring is high in the military command.Influenza A, adenovirus and influenza B are the main types, so specific measures should be taken.

Objective In the process of prevention and control of infectious diseases in the army, immune planning plays a pivotal role in preventing acute outbreaks. This article reviews the status quo of immune planning in the army of China and discloses some problems in this area. To solve these problems, it is imperative to initiate research related to significant developments of immune planning within the military forces of United States of America. Also, some suggestions are raised so that immune planning in Chinese army might be optimized in line with our demands.

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous dextranase (Dex) combined with sodium fluoride (NaF) on the formation of multi-species biofilms.Methods A model of multi-species biofilms was established in vitro. The pH of inchoate biofilms was detected by placing the tip of a pH electrode into the matrix of the biofilms. The number of viable cells in inchoate biofilms was measured by colony count.Results 1. Dextranase had no effect on the pH of inchoate biofilms, but NaF at each tested concentration inhibited acid genesis of biofilms,which was not affected by Dex. 2. All the test agents significantly reduced viable cells on glass slides and 1U/mL ml Dex plus 80μg/mL ml NaF had synergistic effects on the formation of early biofilms.Conclusion Dextranase and sodium fluoride of low concentrations may have synergistic effects against the formation of multi-species biofilms.

With the implementation of the active defense of military strategy in the new period , the battlefield environment of future war will become more complex and diverse, the drinking water sources and water quality will be more complex. The existing technology and equipment of the safety inspection, purification technology and equipment of our army is not high. The new technology of producing drinking water is not deep enough. On the important strategic national security concerns the present situation of water resources need to be further research. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water for combat personnel in a variety of special and harsh conditions, we should establish a national security strategy for water resources protection system and speed up the research on water safety and health equipment information and all-weather adaptability, carry out special research on the new technology of drinking water environment protection.

Objective To study the effect of extracorporeal shock wave on the injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex in wrist induced by military training.Methods Fourteen out-patient cases accepted extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the pain point and the around of the wrist with 1.5-2.5 Bar impact pressure, 10 times/second, 3000 impacting times, once a week, for 4 weeks. Mayo scores and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were taken to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results After the treatment, the mayo scores were improved significantly, and the therapeutic effect included 9 excellent cases, 3 good cases, and 2 moderate cases. Compared with the pretherapy, the VAS decreased obviously (P<0.05). The total effective rate of extracorporeal shock wave on the injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex was 100 % in all 14 cases. Follow-up visit lasted for half a year with no recurrence.Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave has significant therapeutic effect on the injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex, with operation easily and no adverse reactions.

Human Dimension refers tothe cognitive, physical, and social components of the Army's trusted professionals and teams. We analyzed the strategic environment, contents and its strategy, and raised suggestions and implications forthe Chinese army.

Objective To investigate the level of anti-HBs and the immunogenicity of recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine, so as to seek for proper immune procedure in healthy soldier populations in China.Methods The anti-HBs weakly positive subjects were immunized at months 0 and 1. The anti-HBs negative subjects were immunized at months 0,1 and 6.Serum samples were collected before and after immunization.Adverse reaction data were collected within one month after vaccination. Results A total of 10102 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in this study. There were 5761 anti-HBs positive subjects (57.7%), 1090 anti-HBs weakly positive subjects (10.8%) and 3251 anti-HBs negative subjects (32.2%). The positive conversion rate of anti-HBs weakly positive subjects was 90.0% after the first dose,and was 97.8% after the second dose. The positive conversion rate after the second dose was significantly higher than that after the first dose (P<0.01).The geometric mean titer (GMT) was 5007.75 mIU/ml after the first dose,and 6295.77 mIU/ml after the second dose.The positive conversion rate in anti-HBs negative subjects was 86.1% after the second dose,and 97.8% after the third dose. The positive conversion rate after the third dose was significantly higher than that after the second dose (P<0.01).The GMT was 1214.41 mIU/ml after the second dose,and was 2231.57 mIU/ml after the third dose.There were 1294 high-responders (56.4%) after the second dose, and 1635 high-responders (87.5%) after the third dose. No severe adverse events or unexpected events were reported during the follow-up.Conclusion It is effective to conduct the booster immunization for anti-HBs weakly positive adult with two dosages and for anti-HBs negative adult with three dosages.

Objective To explore the change of complete blood count (CBC)among soldiers after rush into the plateau in order to provide basic data for establishment of the reference range of CBC .Methods The vein blood samples of 256 healthy male soldiers were collected before they entered the plateau, and at 7 and 30 d after their rush into the plateau, respectively.Results As altitude increased and their stay was prolonged on the plateau, the values of RBC、HGB、HCT and PLT were significantly increased. However, the values of WBC did not change significantly.Conclusion The establishment of a reference range of CBC in the population that rushes into the plateau is of great importance for the diagnosis of mountain sickness and for medical services.

Objective To understand the hepatitis B vaccination and HBsAb level among recruits, so as to provide scientific basis for establishing prevent and control strategy for hepatitis B.Methods A sero-epidemiology investigation of HBsAb was set among 4974 recruits in 2013-2014. A questionnaire was used to survey the hepatitis B vaccination.Results The vaccination rate and positive rate of HBsAb among recruits of the military district in 2013-2014 were 58.6%, and 64.7%, respectively.The HBsAb positive rate among recruits with hepatitis B vaccination was higher than that without vaccination (82.0% vs. 40.4%) (P<0.05). In addition,the vaccination rate and positive rate of HBsAb was lower among recruits with lower education, higher age, and from western China.Conclusion The vaccination rate and positive rate of HBsAb among recruits of the military district in 2013-2014 is higher than that of the national average level in 2006, but it need to be further vaccine inoculation.