Objective To assess the status of disability and dementia among elders in China with their instrumental activities and cognitive ability and studied the current situation of the long-term care services that they received, in order to provide basis for developing a long-term care system in our country.Methods Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) as source data, KATZ Scale and MMSE Scale were adopted to assess the status of the disabled and demented elder populace. Descriptive analysis was performed by SPSS19.0 and the long-term care needs of the disabled and demented elders were analyzed. Results The disability rates of 65~79 years old, 80~89 years old, 90~99 years old, and above 100 years old elders were 5.5%, 15.6%, 34.1%, and 51.7% respectively, the dementia rates were 4.8%, 17.1%, 36.3%, and 56.6% respectively. After adding weights to the data using 2010 Chinese population census data, the results was calculated. In urban area, the disability rates of male and female elders was 10.5% and 11.2%; in sub-urban area, male 7.5% and female 8.1%; in rural area, male 5.2% and female 8.0%. In urban area, the dementia rates of male and female elders was 7.4% and 7.1%; in sub-urban area, male 4.2% and female 7.9%; in rural area, male 6.1% and female 10.8%. The family care could no longer be sufficient to meet the elders' needs with the continuous deepening of disability or dementia of the elder in some families. However, being in the low-income group, elders could not afford the high costs of care taking from social services.Conclusion It is not rare to see disability or dementia among elders, especially senior elders. With the continuous weakening of the family care, it is very crucial to build a better social long-term care system for the disabled and demented elders at state and government levels.

Along with changes in the social and natural environment, the mode of training and missions of the Chinese army are also changing. This paper analyzed the new trends and characteristics of major epidemic threats to Chinese army . Based on a comparison with local communities, the characteristics of and challenges to epidemic prevention and control in the military system were discussed. Finally, the four recommendations were offered as to how to improve the prevention and control of major epidemics with reference to related practices in the United States and other western countries.

Objective In the process of prevention and control of infectious diseases in the army, immune planning plays a pivotal role in preventing acute outbreaks. This article reviews the status quo of immune planning in the army of China and discloses some problems in this area. To solve these problems, it is imperative to initiate research related to significant developments of immune planning within the military forces of United States of America. Also, some suggestions are raised so that immune planning in Chinese army might be optimized in line with our demands.

Objective To find out about the incidence of hepatitis B and its risk factors in a military unit.Methods New reported cases of hepatitis B onset were surveyed face to face in a military unit between January 2013 and June 2014, and possible risk factors were statistically analyzed.Results Among the 48 cases investigated, the misdiagnosis rate was 6.25% (3/48), and rate of repeated case reports was 4.17% (2/48). 43 cases of new-onset of hepatitis B and 43 cases of control were collected. Cases of hepatitis B were sporadic in each unit so that there was little chance of mass epidemic or outbreak. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 30, with an average age of 34.77. The main symptoms included fatigue, dark urine, anorexia, and jaundice. 55.81% of these cases were diagnosed (24/43) in one week and 16.28% (7/43) in six months or more. Chi-square test showed that hepatitis B vaccination (χ²=13.77,P<0.001) and eating out often (χ²=19.52,P<0.001) had a statistically significant correlation with the incidence of hepatitis B. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, those who ate out frequently were at 16.310 times the risk of hepatitis B of those who did not (95% CI: 3.916～67.928) ; the unvaccinated were 3.891 times as vulnerable to hepatitis B as the vaccined (95% CI:1.021~14.925).Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B should be improved while vaccination and education on prevention of hepatitis B should be popularized.

Objective To explore the change of complete blood count (CBC)among soldiers after rush into the plateau in order to provide basic data for establishment of the reference range of CBC .Methods The vein blood samples of 256 healthy male soldiers were collected before they entered the plateau, and at 7 and 30 d after their rush into the plateau, respectively.Results As altitude increased and their stay was prolonged on the plateau, the values of RBC、HGB、HCT and PLT were significantly increased. However, the values of WBC did not change significantly.Conclusion The establishment of a reference range of CBC in the population that rushes into the plateau is of great importance for the diagnosis of mountain sickness and for medical services.

Human Dimension refers tothe cognitive, physical, and social components of the Army's trusted professionals and teams. We analyzed the strategic environment, contents and its strategy, and raised suggestions and implications forthe Chinese army.

With the implementation of the active defense of military strategy in the new period , the battlefield environment of future war will become more complex and diverse, the drinking water sources and water quality will be more complex. The existing technology and equipment of the safety inspection, purification technology and equipment of our army is not high. The new technology of producing drinking water is not deep enough. On the important strategic national security concerns the present situation of water resources need to be further research. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water for combat personnel in a variety of special and harsh conditions, we should establish a national security strategy for water resources protection system and speed up the research on water safety and health equipment information and all-weather adaptability, carry out special research on the new technology of drinking water environment protection.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic trends of respiratory infectious diseases in a military command in order to provide reference and guidance for epidemic prevention and control.Methods Surveillance data from 2014.10 to 2015.04 were collected from the surveillance platform for pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases , and were descriptively analyzed by Excel2007.Results 281 cases of positive samples were found in 1518 cases of samples. The positive rate was18.51%. The amount of sample collection and positive rate across the military command kept rising from October to December, but decreased from January to March. The majority of positive samples were influenza A (88.61%), adenovirus (8.19%) and influenza B virus (3.20%).Conclusion The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in winter and spring is high in the military command.Influenza A, adenovirus and influenza B are the main types, so specific measures should be taken.

Objective To study the effect of extracorporeal shock wave on the injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex in wrist induced by military training.Methods Fourteen out-patient cases accepted extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the pain point and the around of the wrist with 1.5-2.5 Bar impact pressure, 10 times/second, 3000 impacting times, once a week, for 4 weeks. Mayo scores and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were taken to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results After the treatment, the mayo scores were improved significantly, and the therapeutic effect included 9 excellent cases, 3 good cases, and 2 moderate cases. Compared with the pretherapy, the VAS decreased obviously (P<0.05). The total effective rate of extracorporeal shock wave on the injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex was 100 % in all 14 cases. Follow-up visit lasted for half a year with no recurrence.Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave has significant therapeutic effect on the injury of triangular fibrocartilage complex, with operation easily and no adverse reactions.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of psychological variation among people with HIV/AIDS(PWHA) in the early stage of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) .Methods Fifty-seven PWHAs who had received HAART were investigated using SCL-90 before and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12m after HAART.Results Before HAART, the total score of SCL-90 was 126.42±40.43. Among different factors, the scores of depression and obsession (1.56±0.67、1.46±0.53) were the highest, while the score of terror and bigotry (1.22±0.46、1.26±0.36) were the lowest. Compared with norms, the score of obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, antagonism and bigotry factors were lower (P＜0.05) ,but there was no significant difference in the total score and other factors(P＞0.05) . Along with HAART, the total score of and the score of each factor showed a tendency to decrease.Conclusion Mental health status of PWHAs has improved, especially during the first year of HAART.

Objective To study the sensitvity of seven types of organophosphorus pesticides to acetylcholinesterase(AChE) from different sources.Methods We detected the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of electric organs of numbfish and Musca domestica to seven types of organophosphorus pesticides (fethion, glyphosate, parathion, chlorpyrifos, moncrotophos, malathion, phorate) .Results The result showed that the AChE activity of Musca domestica to fethion, glyphosate, parathion, chlorpyrifos and moncrotophos was higher than that of numbfish.The highest inhibition rates were 85.14%、75.28%、40.94%、and 85.43% respectively at 1000μg/L concentration.However, the AChE activity of numbfish to malathion and phorate was higher than that of Musca domestica, and the highest inhibition rates were 45.29%、80.58% respectively at the concentration of 1000μg/L.Conclusion The AChE of Musca domestica is much more sensitive to fethion, glyphosate, parathion, chlorpyrifos and moncrotophos while the AChE of electric organs of numbfish is much more sensitive to malathion and phorate.

Objective To evaluate the quality of drinking water in some plateau regions of Geermu in order to help ensure the safety of drinking water for military units. Methods A total of 9 samples of drinking water from 8 military units in plateau regions of Geermu were investigated, and water hardness was observed after treatment by different methods. Results The overall quality of drinking water was good in 9 samples. However, the color of one water samples was light yellow, the hardness of seven water samples exceeded the standard limit, and the content of fluoride in 3 water samples and cadmium in 5 water samples exceeded the standard limit. The results showed that purification facilities could reduce water hardness more effectively than traditional heating methods. Conclusion In general, the drinking water for military units in plateau regions of Geermu is of good quality, but it is necessary to strengthen sanitary protection of water sources. We advise that purification facilities should be used in some military units in plateau regions of Geermu.

Research has showed that the mental health of soldiers and officers training on the plateau is different from that on the plain,but there are few researches on the mental health services for soldiers and officers training on the plateau. The characteristics and influencing factors of mental health of soldiers and officers training on the plateau were reviewed in this paper with reference to domestic and foreign mental health services for the military. Countermeasures and considerations related to mental health services for soldiers and officers training on the plateau were offered based on our own experience.

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in patients with oral infection, and to provide reference for clinical drug use.Methods 86 cases of patients with oral infection were selected as study objects. The oral secreta were collected for pathogenic bacteria culture and drug sensitivity test was performed.Results Among the 86 patients, the proportions of patients who were ≤ 15 years old or ≥ 56 years old were relatively higher, which were 40.7% and 30.2% respectively. A total of 351 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, of which there were 236 strains of anaerobic bacteria, accounting for 67.2%. The proportion of black pigmented Prevotella was the highest (50.4%), followed by oral streptococci (16.5%), and there were 115 strains of aerobic bacteria, accounting for 32.8%. The drug resistance to oxacillin, ceftizoxime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was relatively higher, which were 49.2%, 46.6%, 42.0% and 40.2% respectively. The sensitivities to vancomycin, tetracycline and ceftriaxone were relatively higher, which were 98.3%, 95.8% and 93.6% respectively.Conclusion Anaerobic bacteria are the more common bacteria of oral infections. High-sensitivity drugs such as vancomycin, tetracycline and ceftriaxone can be used for treatment.

Objective To improve the early diagnostic rate of colorectal cancer in order to have colorectal cancer patients diagnosed as early as possible for the best treatment result. Methods Based on the Machine Learning theory and practices, the forward method was adopted inlogistic regression(LR)in order to analyze and screen the serum marker of the best referential value. Support Vector Machine (SVM)and Back Propagation (BP)were used to establish an early diagnostic model for colorectal cancer. Results The experiment results showed that such serum markers as CEA、CA1724、CA242、CA153 and HSP60 were of diagnostic valuefor colorectal cancer. The LR colorectal cancer diagnostic model that combined the above mentioned five types of serum markers outperformed that of each individual serum marker. Conclusion Combined tests can enhance the detection sensitivity to colorectal cancer. The LR colorectal cancer diagnostic model has a higher diagnostic value than the model based on SVM.

By summarizing the related studies on adverse reactions of tacrolimus, and analyzing the clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, targeted clinical pharmaceutical care measures were proposed in an attempt to optimize treatment regimens, minimizethe occurrence of adverse reactions of tacrolimus, promote the rational use of drugs, improve the prognosis of patients and prevent possible disputes between doctors and patients.